KARIBU MAISHANI
KARIBU MAISHANI
Monday, May 2, 2011
OSAMA BIN LADEN AUAWA
Mwanzilishi na kiongozi wa kundi la kigaidi la Al Qaeda Osama Bin Laden ameuwawa na majeshi ya Marekani nchini Pakistan, rais Obama amesema.
Kiongozi huyo wa al-qaeda aliuwawa katika operesheni ya ardhini nje ya mji wa Islamabad kwa mujibu wa taarifa za kijasusi.
Bw Obama amasema baada ya ufyatulianaji wa risasi, majeshi ya Marekani ilichukua mwili wake.
Bin Laden anashutumiwa kwa kuhusika katika baadhi ya vitendo vya ukatili ikiwemo mashambulizi mjini New York na Washington, mnamo Septemba 11, 2001.
Kifo chake ni pigo kubwa kwa kundi la al-qaeda lakini kuelezea hofu kuwa huenda wakashambuliwa katika mashambulizi ya kulipiza kisasi.
Bw Obama anasema alielezea Agosti, mwaka uliopita, kuhusu kule Osama Bin Laden amejifisha. Kufuatia uchunguzi wa ujasusi waligundua amejificha mjini Pakistan.
Wiki iliyopita rais Obama alitoa amri kwa operesheni kufanyika ''kumsaka Bin Laden'' . Bw Obama amesema operesheni hiyo iliendeshwa na kundi ndogo la wanajeshi wa Marekani katika eneo la Abbottabad, Kaskazini mwa Islamabad.
''Baada ya ufyatulianaji wa risasi, Bin Laden aliuwawa na mwili wale kuchukuliwa na majeshi ya Marekani'' rais Barack Obama amesema.
WASIFU WA OSAMA BIN LADEN
Osama bin Laden alizaliwa mwaka wa 1957, katika familia ya kitajiri nchini Saudi Arabia.
Osama bin Laden
Ana zaidi ya ndugu na dada 50. Babayake Osama alimiliki kampuni kubwa ya ujenzi. Katika baadhi ya picha zake za utotoni, Osama ameonyeshwa akiwa amevalia mavazi ya kifahari na ya gharama kubwa, akiwa likizo katika miji mbali mbali barani Ulaya.
Hata hivyo mwanzoni mwa miaka ya themanini alitapa mgongo maisha haya ya kifahari na kitajiri na kujiunga na vuguvugu la kupigania haki dhidi ya utawala wa Kisovieti baada ya majeshi yake kuishambulia Afghanistan.
Wakati huo, akipigana pamoja na Waarabu wenzake, alizindua kundi la kigaidi la Al Qaeda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1998, alitangaza fatwa yaani vita vikali vya kidini dhidi ya Marekani. Osama alisema alikasirishwa na hatua ya Marekani kuweka majeshi yake katika ardhi ya Kiislamu, katika nchi mbalimbali Mashariki ya Kati.
Alioa mke wake wa kwanza akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 na baadaye akawaoa wake wengine wanne.
Osama Bin Laden anaaminika kuwa na watoto 17
Al-Qaeda
Bendera ya Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda (soma ælˈkaɪdə au ælˈkeɪdə; ,al-qa'idah, "msingi"), mengine yameandikwa al-Qaida na wakati mwingine al-Qaida, ni kikundi cha Kiislamu kilichoanzishwa wakati kati ya Agosti 1988 [5] na mwishoni mwa 1989/ mapema 1990. [6] Inahudumu kama mtandao wa kimataifa, na pia kama mkono usio na msingi wa kitaifa[7] na kundi la wanaharakati wa Sunni wanaotoa wito wa jihad ya ulimwengu mzima.
Al-Qaeda imeweza kushambulia raia na malengo ya kijeshi katika nchi mbalimbali, mashuhuri zaidi ikiwa mashambulizi ya 11 Septemba mwaka 2001. Serikali ya Marekani iliitikia kwa kuzindua Vita Dhidi ya Ugaidi. Kati ya 3,000 na 4,000 ya wanachama wa mtandao huu wamekamatwa, na maelfu zaidi kuuawa vitani Afghanistan.
Mbinu zao za kushambulia ni pamoja na mashambulizi ya kujitolea mhanga na ulipuaji wa mabomu ya malengo tofauti kwa wakati mmoja. [8] Shughuli zake zinaweza kuhusisha wanachama wa harakati, ambao wamechukua amana ya uaminifu kwa Osama Bin Laden, au wengi zaidi "watu binafsi wanaohusishwa na al-Qaeda" ambao wamepitia mafunzo katika moja ya kambi zake nchini Afghanistan au Sudan, bila kuchukuliwa amana yoyote. [9]
Wakereketwa wa Al-Qaeda wanaangazia kukatiza kabisa mvuto wa kigeni katika nchi za Kiislamu, na uumbaji wa ahmadiyya mpya ya Kiislamu. Imani ambazo zimeripotiwa ni pamoja na kuwa muungano wa Wakristo na Wayahudi unakusudia kuharibu Uislamu, [10] na kwamba mauaji ya raia wanaopatikana pahali pa mashambulizi yanakubalika katika jihad.
Usimamizi wake falsafa umeelezewa kama "umoja wa uamuzi na madaraka ya utekelezaji mikoani." [11] Kufuatia vita dhidi ya ugaidi, imedhaniwa kwamba uongozi wa al-Qaida "umegawanyika kijiografia", na hili limepelekea "kuibuka kwa uongozi uliogawanywa kikanda" wa makundi yanayotumia jina la al-Qaeda.
Asili ya Jina
Kwa Kiarabu, al-Qaeda ina silabi nne. Hata hivyo, tangu mawili ya konsonanti za Kiarabu katika jina hili hayapatikani katika fonolojia ya lugha ya Kiingereza, misemo ya karibu katika Kiingereza ni pamoja na Kigezo:IPA-en /ælˈkeɪdə/ , na chini ya kwakawaida silabi nne, /ˌælkɑːˈiːdə/[onesha uthibitisho] Jina la Al-Qaida pia linaweza kusomwa kama al-Qaida, al-Qaida, el-Qaida, au al Qaeda. [12]
Jina hili linatoka katika jina la Kiarabu qā'idah, ambalo lina maana ya msingi na pia inamaanisha kambi ya kijeshi. Silabi ya kwanza al- ni makala ya uhakika "the" ya lugha ya Kiingereza katika Kiarabu.
Osama Bin Laden alielezea asili ya jina hilo katika mahojiano na mwandishi habari wa Al Jazeera Tayseer Alouni katika Oktoba 2001
Imesemekana kuwa hati mbili zilizochukuliwa kutoka ofisi ya Sarajevo ya Benevolence International Foundation zinathibitisha kwamba jina halikuchukuliwa tu na wanaharakati hao wa mujahid na kwamba kundi linaloitwa al-Qaeda lilianzishwa mwezi Agosti 1988. Hati zote mbili zina dakika za mikutano iliyofanyika kuanzisha kikundi kipya cha kijeshi zenye jina "al-Qaeda". [14]
Mwezi Aprili 2002, kundi hili lilichukua jina Qa'idat al-Jihad, lenye maana "msingi wa Jihad". Kulingana Diaa Rashwan, hii ilikuwa, "inaonekana, kama matokeo ya kukutanishwa kwa tawi la Misri la al-Jihad (EIJ), likiongozwa na Ayman El-Zawahiri, pamoja na makundi ambayo Bin Laden alileta pamoja chini ya utawala wake baada ya kurudi Afghanistan katikati ya miaka ya 1990
Itikadi
Wanaharakati wenye itikadi kali wa Kiislam kwa ujumla na al-Qaeda waliendelea kukua hasa katika wakati wa uamsho wa Kiislamu na harakati ya Kiislam ya miongo mitatu iliyopita ya karne ya 20 pamoja na harakati za chini zilizokithiri.
Baadhi wamesema kuwa "bila ya maandiko" ya mwandishi na muwazaji wa Kiislamu Sayyid Qutb "al-Qaeda isingekuwepo." [16] Qutb alihubiri kwamba kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa sheria ya Sharia ulimwengu wa Kiislamu haukuwa tena wa Kiislamu, ikiwa imerudia ujinga wa kabla ya Uislamu unaojulikana kama jahiliyyah.
Kurejesha Uislamu halisi, kundi la wanaharakati wa haki Waislamu mara lilihitajika kuanzisha "nchi za kweli za Kiislamu", kutekeleza Sharia, na kuondoa kutoka ulimwengu wa Waislamu mivuto yote yasiyo ya Kiislamu, kama vile dhana kama usoshalisti au utaifa. Maadui wa Uislamu ni pamoja na "Waorientalisti makhaini" [17] na "ulimwengu wa Kiyahudi", ambao walipanga "njama" na wakapinga Uislamu "kiovu".
Katika maneno ya Mohammed Jamal Khalia, rafiki wa karibu chuoni wa Osama Bin Laden: Uislamu ni tofauti na dini nyingine yoyote; ni njia ya maisha. Sisi [Khalia na Bin Laden] tulikuwa tunajaribu kuelewa nini Uislamu unasema kuhusu jinsi ya kula, nani tunamuoa, jinsi tunaongea. Tunamsoma Sayyid Qutb. Yeye ndiye ameathiri kizazi chetu zaidi. [18]
Qutb alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa hata zaidi kwa mshauri wa Osama Bin Laden na mwanachama mwingine mkuu wa al-Qaeda, [19] Ayman al-Zawahiri. Mjomba wa Zawahiri na dume wa familia ya mamake, Mafouz Azzam, alikuwa mwanafunzi wa Qutb, kisha mfuasi, kisha wakili wake binafsi na hatimaye mhifadhi wa mali- mmoja wa watu wa mwisho kumuona Qutb kabla ya utekelezaji wa kunyongwa kwake. "Ayman al Zawahiri akiwa mdogo alisikiliza mara kwa mara kutoka kwa mjombake mpendwa Mahfouz kuhusu usafi wa tabia na Qutb na adhabu aliyovumilia gerezani." [20] Zawahiri alilipa heshima kwa Qutb katika kazi yake Knights under the Prophet's Banner. [21]
Moja ya madhara ya mawazo ya Qutb ilikuwa wazo kwamba wengi ambao walisema walikuwa Waislamu hawakuwa, yaani, walikuwa walioasi, hili halikuwapa tu wafuasi wa jihadi "shimo la kisheria kuhusiana na kukatazwa mauaji ya Muislamu mwingine," lakini liliifanya " kuwa wajibu wa kidini wa kila Muislamu nadhiri nitafanya "ya . Waliodaiwa kuwa walioasi ni pamoja na viongozi wa nchi za Kiislamu, tangu walishindwa kutekeleza sharia
Historia
Uanzishaji Nchini PakistanMaandiko ya mkutano wa Bin Laden na wengine tarehe 20 Agosti, 1988, yanaonyesha al-Qaeda ilikuwa kundi rasmi: 'kimsingi ikiwa kundi binafsi la Kiislamu, ikiwa na lengo la kuinua neno la Mungu, kuifanya dini Yake kushinda.' Orodha ya mahitaji ya uanachama yalikuwa kama yafuatayo: uwezo wa kusikiliza, tabia nzuri, utiifu na kufa amana (bayat) kufuata wakubwa wa mmoja.
Kulingana na Wright, jina halisi la kundi halikuwa likitumika katika maongeo ya umma kwa sababu "uwepo wake bado ulikuwa siri iliowekwa na watu wachache wa karibu." [23] Utafiti wake unaonyesha kuwa al-Qaeda iliundwa katika mkutano wa Agosti 11, 1988, kati ya "viongozi waandamizi kadhaa" wa Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Abdullah Azzam, na Osama Bin Laden, ambapo ilikubaliwa kuunganisha fedha za Bin Laden na utaalamu wa shirika la Islamic Jihad na kuchukua ya njia ya jihadi mahali pengine baada ya Wasovieti kujiondoa kutoka Afghanistan.
Jihad Nchini Afghanistan
Asili ya al-Qaeda kama mtandao unaoendeleza ugaidi kote duniani na mafunzo ya washirika unaweza kufuatiliwa nyuma hadi kwenye vita vya Urusi katika Afghanistan. [25] Umoja wa Marekani ilichukulia vita nchini Afghanistan, iliyokuwa na Afghanistan Allied Marxists na askari wa Urusi upande mmoja na raia Afghanistan mujahideen upande mwingine, kama kesi ya upanuzi bila aibu na uchokozi wa Kisovyeti. Marekani ilituma fedha kupitia kwa wakala wa Inter-Services Intelligence ya Pakistan kwa raia asili wa Kiafghan mujahedeen waliokuwa wakipigana dhidi ya ukoloni wa Kisovyeti katika mpango wa CIA uliyoitwa Operation Cyclone. [26] [27]
Wakati huo huo, idadi kubwa ya mujahideen wa Kiarabu iliyokuwa ikiongezeka walijiunga na jihad dhidi ya serikali ya Afghanistan Marxist, iliwezeshwa na mashirika ya kimataifa ya Waislamu, na hasa Maktab al-Khidamat, [28] ambayo ilipata fedha kutoka kwa baadhi ya dola milioni 600 kwa mwaka iliyochangiwa jihad na serikali ya Saudi Arabia na Waislamu binafsi - hasa wafanyabiashara wa Saudi wa kujitegemea waliokuwa wamekaribiwa na Osama Bin Laden. [29]
Maktab al-Khidamat iliundwa na Abdullah Azzam na Bin Laden katika Peshawar, Pakistan, mwaka wa 1984. Kuanzia 1986 ilianzisha mtandao wa kuajiri ofisi Marekani, ambazo kwazo ya kitovu ilikuwa Kituo cha Wakimbizi cha Al Kifah katika Msikiti wa Farouq kwenye barabara ya Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn. Miongoni mwa watu mashuhuri katika kituo cha Brooklyn walikuwa "ajenti mara mbili" Ali Mohamed, ambaye wakala maalum wa FBI Jack Cloonan alimwita "mkufunzi wa kwanza wa Bin Laden," [30] na "Sheikh Kipofu" Omar Abdel-Rahman, msajili mkuu wa mujahideen kwa Afghanistan.
Al-Qaeda imeendelea kutoka Maktab al-Khidamat, au "Ofisi ya Huduma ", shirika la Uislamu lililoanzishwa mwaka wa 1980 kukusanya fedha na recruit kanal mujahideen kigeni kwa ajili ya vita dhidi ya Soviets nchini Afghanistan. Ilianzishwa na Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, msomi wa Kiislamu wa Kipalestina na mwanachama wa Udugu wa Kiislamu.
MAK ilipanga nyumba za wageni katika Peshawar, karibu na mpaka wa Afghanistan na ikakusanya vifaa kwa ajili ya ujenzi wa makambi ya mafunzo ya kijeshi kuandaa wasajiliwa wa kigeni kwa vita vya Afghanistan. Azzam akamshawishi Bin Laden kujiunga na MAK. Kigezo:When Bin Laden akawa "mfadhili mkuu" wa mujahideen, akitumia pesa zake mwenyewe na uhusiano wake na "familia ya kifalme ya Saudi na mabilionea wa mafuta wa Ghuba" ili kuboresha maoni ya umma ya vita hiyo na kuongeza fedha zaidi. [31]
Kuanzia mwaka 1987, Azzam na Bin Laden walianza kujenga makambi ndani ya Afghanistan. [32] Jukumu la mujahideen wa kujitolea wa kigeni, au "Waarabu wa Kiafghan", na MAK katika vita hiyo si moja kubwa. Wakati juu ya wamujahideen wa Afghanistan 250,000 wakipigana na Wasovieti na serikali ya kikomunisti ya Afghanistan, inakadiriwa kwamba kamwe kulikuwa na zaidi ya mujahideen wa kigeni 2000 vitani wakati wowote ule. [33] Hata hivyo, walijitolea mujahedeen wa kigeni kutoka nchi 43 na idadi ya walioshiriki katika harakati za Afghanistan kati ya 1982 na 1992 wameripotiwa kuwa 35,000. [34]
Umoja wa Kisovyeti hatimaye ilijiondoa kutoka Afghanistan mwaka wa 1989. Kwa mshangao wa wengi, serikali ya kikomunisti ya Afghanistan ya Mohammed Najibullah ilshikilia uongozi kwa zaidi ya miaka mitatu kabla ya kulemewa na wapiganaji wa mujahedeen. Huku viongozi wa mujahedeen wakishindwa kukubaliana juu ya muundo wa utawala, machafuko yaliibuka, daima kukiwa na fungamano zilizoundwa na kusambaratika kila mara zikipigania kudhibiti uongozi wa wilaya ambazo hazikugawanywa vyema, na yakaacha nchi ikiwa imesambaratika
Upanuaji wa shughuli
Kuelekea mwisho wa utume wa kijeshi wa Kisovyeti nchini Afghanistan, baadhi mujahedeen walitaka kupanua shughuli zao kujumuisha mapambano ya Kiislamu katika maeneo mengine ya dunia, kama Israeli na Kashmir. Idadi fulani ya mashirika yanayohusiana na kushirikiana yalianzishwa kuendeleza matarajio hayo.
Moja ya haya mashirika ni ile ambayo hatimaye ilikuja kuitwa al-Qaeda, lililoundwa na Osama Bin Laden na mkutano wa kwanza uliofanyika Agosti 11, 1988. [35] Bin Laden alitaka kuanzisha shughuli zizizo za kijeshi katika maeneo mengine ya dunia; Azzam, kwa kulinganisha, naye alitaka kubakia ikilenga kampeni ya kijeshi. Baada ya Azzam kuuawa mwaka wa 1989, MAK iligawanyika huku idadi kubwa wakijiunga na shirika la Bin Laden.
Mnamo Novemba 1989, Ali Mohamed, awali Sergeant wa vikosi maalum a Fort Bragg, North Carolina, kushoto huduma za kijeshi na kuhamia Santa Clara, California. Alisafiri kwenda Afghanistan na Pakistan na akawa "anahusika kwa undani na mipango Bin Laden." [36]
Mwaka mmoja baadaye, tarehe 8 Novemba 1990, FBI ilivamia nyumba ya New Jersey ya mshirika wa Mohammed El Sayyid Nosair, na kugundua ushahidi wa mipango mikubwa ya kigaidi, pamoja na mipango ya kulipua vyumba virefu vya New York. [37] Nosair hatimaye alipatikana na hatia kuhusiana na ulpuaji wa bomu wa 1993 katika World Trade Center, na kwa mauaji ya Rabbi Meir Kahane tarehe 5 Novemba, 1990. Mwaka wa 1991, Ali Mohammed amesemekana kuwa alisaidi kupanga kuhamishwa kwa Osama Bin Laden Sudan. [38]
[hariri] Vita ya Ghuba na kuanza uadui na MarekaniKufuatia uondoaji wa Wasovyeti kutoka Afghanistan, Osama Bin Laden alirudi Saudi Arabia. Uvamizi wa Iraq wa nchi ya Kuwait mwaka 1990 ulikuwa umeweka ufalme na utawala wa Nyumba ya Saud hatarini. Mashamba yenye wingi zaidi wa mafuta ya thamani duniani yalikuwa karibu sana na vikosi vya Iraq katika Kuwait, na wito wa Saddam wa "harakati za Kiarabu/Kiislamu" ungeweza kuleta migawanyiko ya ndani.
Katika uso wa kuonekana uwepo mkubwa wa kijeshi wa Iraq, vikosi vya Saudi Arabia vyenyewe vilikuwa vizuri lakini wachache na mbali. Bin Laden alitoa huduma za mujahedeen wake kwa Mfalme Fahd wa Saudi Arabia kulinda Saudi Arabia kutoka kwa jeshi la Iraq. Mfalme wa Saudi alikataa toleo la Bin Laden, badala akaruhusu majeshi ya Marekani na Washirika kupeleka askari ndani eneo la Saudi. [39]
Hili lilimkasirisha Bin Laden, kwani yeye aliamini kuwepo kwa askari wa kigeni katika "nchi ya misikiti miwili" (Makka na Madina) ilikuwa dharau kwa udongo mtakatifu. Baada ya kutamka hadharani dhidi ya serikali ya Saudi kwa kuwaweka askari wa Marekani, alifukuzwa na kulazimishwa kuishi uhamishoni nchini Sudan.
Tarehe 9 Aprili 1994, uraia wake wa Saudi ulifutiliwa mbali. [40] Familia yake ilimkataa hadharani. Kuna utata kuhusiana na kiasi cha msaada alichoendelea kupata kutoka kwa wajumbe wa familia yake na / au serikali ya Saudi
Sudan
Kutoka 1992 hadi 1996, al-Qaeda na Bin Laden makao wenyewe nchini Sudan katika mwaliko wa Kiislam theoretician Hassan al Turabi. Hatua hii ilifuatia mapinduzi Kiislam yakiongozwa na Kanali Omar al-Bashir, ambaye nadhiri alijitoa kupanga tena maadili ya kisiasa ya Kiislamu; hakuna yeyote katika al-Qaeda angeweza kutabiri kufukuzwa kwao kutoka nchini humo. Wakati huo Bin Laden alisaidia serikali ya Sudan, alinunua au kuanzisha makampuni ya biashara mbalimbali, na kuanzisha makambi ambapo wapiganaji walipata mafunzo.
Wakati akiwa nchini Sudan Bin Laden alipoteza pasipoti yake ya Saudi na chanzo cha mapato yake kama mwitikio kwa kumkasirisha mfalme wa Saudi. [42] Mgeuko mkuu kwa Bin Laden ulitokea mwaka wa 1993 wakati Saudi Arabia ilikubaliana na Oslo Accords ambayo iliweka njia ya amani kati ya Israel na Wapalestina. [43]
Zawahiri na EIJ, ambao walikuwa kama msingi wa al-Qaeda lakini pia wakishiriki katika shughuli zingine tofauti dhidi ya serikali ya Misri, walikuwa na bahati mbaya zaidi nchini Sudan. Katika mwaka wa 1993, msichana mdogo mwanafunzi wa shule aliuawa katika jaribio la EIJ lililotibuka kwenye maisha ya Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Misri, Hasan al-Alfi. Maoni ya umma ya Misri ikageuka dhidi ya ulipuaji wa mabomu na wanaharakati wa Kiislam na polisi [44] wakawakamata zaidi ya wanachama 280 wa al-Jihad na kuwanyonga wasita wao.
Katika mwaka wa 1995 jaribio la kumuua rais Mubarak wa Misri uliotibuka hata zaidi ulipelekea kufukuzwa kwa EIJ kutoka Misri na si muda mrefu baadaye kufukuzwa kwa Bin Laden na serikali ya Sudan
Kukimbilia nchini Afghanistan
Baada ya Wasovyeti ya kuondoka, Afghanistan ikawa haina serikali kwa miaka saba na wakikumbana na mapigano ya daima kati ya washirika wa zamani na vikundi mbalimbali vya mujahedeen.
Katika miaka ya 1990, nguvu mpya ikaanza kuibuka. Asili ya Taliban (imaanishayo "wanafunzi") ilitokea katika watoto wa Afghanistan, wengi wao mayatima baada ya vita, na wengi ambao walikuwa wameelimishwa katika mtandao uliokuwa ukipanuka haraka wa shule za Kiislamu (Madrassa) aidha katika Kandahar au katika makambi ya wakimbizi, mpakani mwa Afghanistan na Pakistan.
Kulingana na Ahmed Rashid, viongozi watano wa Taliban walikuwa wahitimu wa Darul Uloom Haqqania, shule ya Madrassa katika mji mdogo wa Akora Khattak. [45] Mji huo uko karibu na Peshawar nchini Pakistan, lakini kwa ukubwa umehudhuriwa na wakimbizi wa Kiafghan. [45] Taasisi hii inaonyesha imani za Salafi katika mafundisho yake, na kiasi kikubwa cha fedha zake binafsi zimetoka kwa michango kutoka kwa Waarabu matajiri. Washirika wa Bin Laden walikuwa bado wanavuja zaidi ya michango hii, kwa kutumia benki za Kiislamu kuhamisha fedha hizi kwa "safu" za mashirika ya msaada ambayo yalitumika kama vikundi vya mbele vya al-Qaeda au kusafirisha fedha zilizojazwa ndani ya mifuko moja kwa moja ndani ya Pakistan. [46] Viongozi wengine wanne wa Taliban walihudhuria Madrassa iliyofadhiliwa na kusukumwa sawa na hili katika Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Wengi wa mujahedeen ambao baadaye walijiunga na Wataliban walipigana kando ya kundi la mkereketwa wa vita Nabi Muhammad Mohammadi la Harkat i Inqilabi wakati wa uvamizi wa Urusi. Kundi hili pia lilipata uaminifu wa wapiganaji wengi Waarabu wa Kiafghan.
Ugomvi uliokuwa ukiendelea kati ya makundi mbalimbali, na uasi na kutofuata sheria kufuatia kuondoka kwa Urusi, iliwawezesha Wataliban, waliokuwa wakiongezeka na nidhamu nzuri, kupanua udhibiti wa wilaya zao katika Afghanistan, na walikuja kuanzisha eneo ambalo waliita Emirati ya Kiislamu ya Afghanistan. Katika mwaka wa 1994, waliteka kituo cha mikoa cha Kandahar, na baada ya kutengeneza faida za kieneo haraka, wakachukua mji mkuu Kabul mwezi Septemba 1996.
Baada ya Sudan kuweka wazi kuwa Bin Laden kamwe hakaribishwi kurudi,Kigezo:Clarify Afghanistan iliyodhibitiwa na Taliban-pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa uhusiano awali kati ya makundi mbali mbali, ikisimamiwa na uanajeshi uliogawiwa, [47] na kwa kiasi kikubwa ikiwa imetengwa kutoka ushawishi wa kisiasa na nguvu za wa Marekani na kijeshi-zinazotolewa mkamilifu hatiani kwa al-Qaeda kuanzisha makao makuu yake. Al-Qaeda ilipata ulinzi wa Taliban na kipimo uhalali kama sehemu yao ya Wizara ya Ulinzi, ingawa tu Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, na United Arab Emirates alitambua Taliban halali kama serikali ya Afghanistan
Wito kwa jihad ya kimataifa
Katika mwaka wa 1994, makundi ya Salafi Kutokea "jihad" katika Bosnia yaliingia katika hayawezi kusahihishwa inaonekana kushuka. Huku wakipungua kidogo na kidogo katika hazma, makundi kama vile EIJ yalianza kujitenga mbali na harakati za Salafi katika Ulaya. Al-Qaeda ilichukua hatua ikaingia na kuchukua udhibiti wa karibu asilimia 80 ya seli za kigaidi katika Bosnia mwishoni mwa 1995.
Wakati huo huo, al-Qaeda waliwaelekeza wasajili wa mtandao wa kuangalia kwa Jihadi kimataifa, Waislamu ambao waliamini kwamba lazima jihad walipigana kwenye ngazi ya kimataifa. Dhana ya "jihad ya Salafi ya kimataifa" ilikuwepo tangu angalau mapema miaka ya 1980. Makundi kadhaa walikuwa sumu kwa madhumuni ya kuwaondoa wasiokuwa Waislamu nje ya nchi Muislamu, wakati huo huo na kwa upeo carnage. Hili lilikuwa, hata hivyo, mkakati wa kujihami kimsingi.
Al-Qaeda walitaka kufungua "awamu ya kukera" ya jihad ya kimataifa Salafi. [48] Waislamu wa Kibosnia leo wanatoa wito wa "mshikamano kwa sababu ya Uislamu duniani kote", wakiunga mkono wapiganaji katika Kashmir na Iraq na vile vile makundi yanayopigania kuwepo kwa jamuhuri ya Palestina
Fatwas
Katika mwaka wa 1996, al-Qaeda ilitangaza jihad yake ya kufukuza maslahi na majeshi ya kigeni kutoka ardhi walizofikiria kuwa za Kiislamu. Bin Laden alitoa Fatwa, [50] ambayo ilifikia tamko la umma kutangaza vita dhidi ya Marekani na washirika wake wowote, na wakaanza kulenga rasilimali za al-Qaeda kuelekea mashambulizi makubwa. Pia kilichotokea tarehe 25 Juni, 1996, ilikuwa ulipuaji bomu minara ya Khobar, ziko katika Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Tarehe 23 Februari 1998, Osama Bin Laden na Ayman al Zawahiri, kiongozi wa Jihad ya Kiislamu ya Misri (EIJ), pamoja na viongozi wengine watatu wa Kiislamu, walitia saini pamoja na wakatoa Fatwa (tangazo la kidini linalofungamana) ikiwaita Waislamu kuwaua Wamarekani na washirika wao ambapo wanaweza, wakati wanaweza. [51] Chini ya bendera ya World Islamic Front for Combat Against Jews and Crusaders wao walisema:
Bin Laden wala al-Zawahiri hawakuwa na sifa za kitaalamu za jadi za Kiislamu kutoa Fatwa ya aina yoyote, hata hivyo, walikataa mamlaka ya ulema wa kisasa (walioonekana kama watumishi wa kulipwa wa watawala wa jahiliyya ) na wakachukua jukumu hilo wenyewe. [53] Kigezo:Verify credibility Ajenti wa zamani wa FSB aliyeuawa Alexander Litvinenko alidai kuwa FSB ya Urusi ilimpa mafunzo al Zawahiri katika kambi iliyoko Dagestan miezi minane kabla ya Fatwa ya mwaka wa 1998
Njia ya kwenda Somalia na Yemen
Wakati viongozi wa Al Qaeda walipokuwa mafichoni katika maeneo ya kikabila kando ya mpaka wa Afghanistan na Pakistan, mrengo wa kati wa wanaharakati hao ulionyesha hali ya juu ya shughuli katika Somalia na Yemen. "Tunajua kwamba Asia ya Kusini tena si wigo wao wa msingi," chanzo katika shirika la ulinzi Marekani alisema katika Washington Times. "Wao wanatafuta maficho katika maeneo mengine ya dunia na wanaendelea kupanua shirika lao. " Nchini Somalia, mawakala wa Al Qaeda wanashirikiana na kikundi cha Shahab, wanawasjili watoto kwa mafunzo ya walipuaji wa kujitolea mhanga, na kupeleka vijana kushiriki katika hatua za kijeshi dhidi ya Wamarekani mpakani mwa Afghanistan na Pakistan. Mwaka huu, mgawanyiko wa Al Qaida nchini Saudi Arabia has umejikutanisha na mrengo wa Yemeni kuunda Al Qaeda katika Peninsula ya Arabia wenye wigo katika Yemen. Hapa magaidi huchukua faida ya uchumi maskini, demografia na usalama wa ndani. Katika mwezi wa Agosti walifanya jaribio la kwanza la mauaji dhidi ya mwanachama wa nasaba ya kifalme ya Saudi Arabia katika miongo. Rais Obama katika barua yake yake alimuuliza mwenzake wa Yemen Ali Abdullah Saleh kuhakikisha ushirikiano wa karibu na Marekani katika mapambano dhidi ya kuongezeka kwa shughuli ya Al Qaeda katika wilaya za Yemen, na aliahidi kutuma nyongeza ya misaada ya kimataifa. Kwa sababu ya vita nchini Iraq na Afghanistan, Marekani imeshindwa kulipa kipaumbele ya kutosha kwa Somalia na Yemen, ambayo yanaweza kusababishia Marekani baadhi ya matatizo makubwa katika siku chache zijazo
Oparesheni za Marekani
, imam mzaliwa wa Marekani amebainishwa na vyombo vya habari vya Magharibi Kigezo:Specify kama "Imam wa 9 / 11 " na "msajili wa al Qaeda", ingawa uchunguzi wa FBI kuhusiana na ugaidi haukukusanya ushahidi wa kutosha kwa ajili ya uchunguzi kamili au mashtaka.[onesha uthibitisho] Yeye hivi karibuni amehusishwa na Chuo Kikuu cha Iman katika Yemen ambapo yeye sasa anakaa. Kuna madai ya wanafunzi wa chuo hicho kuhusishwa na mauaji, na inaongozwa na Abdul Majeed Al-Zindani, ambaye anaonekana katika orodha ya Marekani na Umoja wa Mataifa kama anayehusishwa na Al-Qaeda, na anatakikana kujibu maswali kuhusiana na mashambulizi katika USS Cole uko Yemen. [57] Mahubiri ya Awlaki uko Marekani yalihudhuriwa na watatu wa watekaji wa 9 / 11 , vilevile mtuhumiwa mpiga risasi waFort Hood Nidal Malik Hasan. Majasusi wa Marekani walipata barua pepe kutoka kwa Hasan Awlaki kati ya Desemba 2008 na mapema 2009. Katika tovuti yake Awlaki alisifu vitendo vya Hasan katika Fort Hood.[58]
Awlawki sasa anatafutwa na mamlaka za Yemen kuhusu uwezekano wa mahusiano yake na al-Quaeda, lakini mamlaka hazijawezasi lokalisera naye kwa miezi. [59]
Maafisa wa Marekani wamemwita Awlaki "mfano wa al-Qaeda kufikia ndani" ya Marekani katika mwaka wa 2008 baada ya uchunguzi katika mahusiano yake na watekaji wa Septemba 11. Ajenti wa zamani wa FBI anamfahamu Awlaki kama "msajili mwandamizi wa al Qaeda", na mtia nguvu wa kiroho. [60]
Afisa ambaye hajatajwa alidai kulikuwa na sababu nzuri ya kuamini kuwa Awlaki "umekuwa akishiriki katika shughuli za kigaidi sana tangu kuondoka Marekani[baada ya 9 / 11], ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanga mashambulizi dhidi ya Marekani na washirika wetu."
Muundo wa Shirika
Ingawa mfumo wa sasa wa al-Qaeda haujulikani, habari zaidi zikipatikana kutoka kwa Jamal al-Fadl ziliwapa mamlaka za Marekani angalau picha ya jinsi kikundi kimeundwa. Wakati ukweli wa taarifa zilizotolewa na al-Fadl na motisha ya ushirikiano wake bado hazijabainishwa, mamlaka za Marekani zimeweka wigo wa maarifa yao ya sasa kuhusu al-Qaeda kwenye ushahidi wake. [62]
[hariri] UongoziOsama Bin Laden ndiye Emir na Mwandamizi Mkuu wa Operesheni wa al-Qaeda (ingawa awali jukumu hili huenda lilikuwa limejazwa na Abu Ayoub al-Iraq). Bin Laden anashauriwa na Baraza la Shura, ambalo linajumulisha wanachama waandamizi wa al-Qaeda, ambao inakadiriwa na maofisa wa ngazi za Magharibi kuwa watu ishirini hadi thelathini. Ayman al Zawahiri ni Naibu Mkuu wa Operesheni wa al-Qaida na Abu Ayyub al-Masri kuna uwezekano ni kiongozi mwandamizi wa al-Qaeda nchini Iraq.
Mtandao wa Al-Qaida ulijengwa ex nihilo (kutoka chini) kama mtandao wa kuhitaji kutoka kwa viongozi wa mikoa yake yote "kama na wakati muhimu kutumika kama sehemu muhimu ya amri yake kuu." [63]
Kamati ya Jeshi inawajibika kwa mafunzo ya washirika, kupata silaha, na kupanga mashambulizi.
Kamati ya Fedha/ Biashara inalipia usajili na mafunzo ya washirika kupitia mfumo wa benki hawala . Jitihada zinazoongozwa na Marekani za kutokomeza vyanzo vya fedha kwa ugaidi [64] zilikuwa na wingi wa mafanikio katika mwaka mmoja mara baada ya Septemba 11; [65] al-Qaeda inaendelea kufanya kazi kupitia benki bila vikwazo, kama vile hawaladars elfu moja au hivyo nchini Pakistan, baadhi ambazo zinaweza kushughulikia mikataba ya hadi dola milioni 10. [66] Pia inatoa tiketi za ndege na pasipoti za uongo, inalipa wanachama wa al-Qaeda, na husimamia faida inayotokana na biashara. [67] Katika Taarifa ya Tume ya 9 / 11, inakadiriwa kuwa al-Qaeda inahitaji dola milioni 30 kwa mwaka ili kuendesha shughuli zake.
Kamati ya Sheria inahakiki sheria ya Kiislamu na inaamua kama njia hasa za utekelezaji zinafuata sheria.
Kamati ya Masomo ya Kiislamu / Fatwah inatoa matangazo ya masuala ya kidini, kama vile tangazo la mwaka wa 1998 lililowaeleza Waislamu kuwaua Wamarekani.
Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kulikuwa na Kamati ya Vyombo vya Habari iliyojulikana hadharani, ambayo iliendesha gazeti la Nashrat al Akhbar (Newscast) iliyoanguka na kusimamia mahusiano ya umma.
Katika mwaka wa 2005, al Qaeda iliunda As-Sahab, nyumba ya uzalishaji wa vyombo vya habari, na kusambaza vifaa na vyombo vyake vya video na sauti
Muundo wa Amri
Alipoulizwa kuhusu uwezekano wa Al Qaida kuhusika na ulipuaji mabomu ya London Julai 7, 2005 ya mwaka wa 2005, mkuu wa Metropolitan Police Sir Ian Blair alisema:
"Al Qaeda si shirika. Al Qaeda ni njia ya kufanya kazi ... lakini hii ina fadhila mahususi ya mbinu hiyo ... Al Qaeda kwa wazi ina uwezo wa kutoa mafunzo ... kutoa utaalamu ... na nadhani kuwa ni hicho kilitokea hapa. [68]
Hata hivyo, tarehe 13 Agosti, 2005 gazeti la The Independent iliripoti, ikinukuu uchunguzi wa MI5 na polisi, kwamba walipuaji wa Julai 7 walijitegemea bila usidizi wa mtaalamu wa ugaidi wa al-Qaeda kutoka mahali fulani nje ya nchi. [69]
Al-Qaeda ni nini hasa, au ilikuwa, inabakia katika mzozo. Mwandishi na mwanahabari Adam Curtis anaamini kuwa wazo la al-Qaeda kama shirika rasmi kimsingi ni uvumbuzi wa Marekani. Curtis anaamini jina "al-Qaeda" mara ya kwanza uliletwa kwa usikivu wa umma katika kesi ya 2001 Osama Bin Laden na watu wanne wanaotuhumiwa katika ulipuaji mabomu wa mwaka wa 1998 katika ofisi za ubalozi wa Marekani katika Afrika Mashariki.
Kama suala la sheria, Idara ya Haki ya Marekani ilihitajika kuonyesha kwamba Osama Bin Laden alikuwa kiongozi wa shirika la jinai ili kumfungulia mashtakaakiwa hayupo chini ya Sheria ya Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, inajulikana pia kama RICO Statutes. Jina la shirika na maelezo ya muundo wake yalitolewa katika ushuhuda wa Jamal al-Fadl, ambaye alidai kuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa shirika na mfanyakazi wa zamani wa Osama Bin Laden. [71]
Maswali kuhusu kuegemea kwa ushuhuda wa al-Fadl yametolewa na idadi fulani ya vyanzo kwa sababu ya historia yake ya udanganyifu na kwa sababu alikuwa akiitoa kama sehemu ya matakwa yake katika mkataba wa mapatano baada ya kupatikana na hatia ya kupanga kushambulia majengo ya kijeshi ya Marekani. [62] [72] Sam Schmidt, wakili wa mshtakiwa katika kesi, alikuwa yafuatayo kusema kuhusu ushuhuda wa al-Fadl:
Kulikuwa na sehemu za ushahidi wa al-Fadl ambazo naamini zilikuwa uongo, kusaidia picha kwamba yeye alisaidia Wamarekani kujiunga pamoja. Nadhani yeye alisema uongo katika idadi fulani ya ushuhuda hasa kuhusu picha nzima ya nini shirika hili lilikuwa. Ilifanya al-Qaeda kuwa Mafia mpya au Wakomunisti wapya. Iliwafanya kutambulika kama kundi na hivyo kufanya kuwa rahisi mashtaka dhidi ya mtu yoyote anayehusiana na al-Qaeda kwa vitendo au kauli yoyote iliyotolewa na Bin Laden.
Makamanda wa Vitani
Idadi ya watu binafsi katika shirika ambao wamepitia mafunzo kamili ya kijeshi, na wana uwezo wa kuongoza vikosi vya wapiganaji, haijulikani kwa ukubwa. Katika mwaka wa 2006, ilikuwa inakadiriwa kwamba al-Qaida walikuwa na makamanda elfu kadhaa walioingizwa katika nchi arobaini mbalimbali. [73] Katika mwaka wa 2009, iliaminika kuwa hakukuwa zaidi ya mia mbili au tatu ya wanachama ambao bado walikuwa wakihudumu kama makamanda . [74]
Kulingana na taarifa ya BBC The Power of Nightmares, al-Qaeda haijaunganishwa pamoja kwa nguvu hadi ni vigumu kusema kuwa iko mbali na Osama Bin Laden na kundi ndogo la washirika wa karibu.
Ukosefu wa idadi kubwa ya wanachama waliopatikana na hatia wa al-Qaeda licha ya idadi yao kubwa kukamatwa kwa madai ya ugaidi imetolewa na makala hayo kuwa sababu ya kushuku kama kundi hilo lililoenea linalokutana na maelezo ya al-Qaeda iko kwa vyovyote vile. Kwa hivyo kiwango na asili ya al-Qaeda inabakia kuwa mada yenye mzozo
Vikosi vya wapiganaji
Kulingana na Robert Cassidy, al-Qaeda inadhibiti vikosi viwili tofauti vinavyo sambamba na wapiganaji nchini Iraq na Pakistan.
Kwanza, wanaohesabika katika makumi ya maelfu, iliundwa, ikafunzwa, na kukabidhiwa vifaa kama vikosi vya wapiganaji wa kupambana" katika vita vya Usovyeti na Afghanistani. [73] IlIundwa kimsingi na mujahideen wa kigeni kutoka Saudi Arabia na Yemen. Wengi walikwenda kupambana katika Bosnia na Somalia, ambapo vitendo vyao vilisaidia kuinua bendera ya jihad ya kimataifa.
Kundi lingine, takriban elfu kumi wenye nguvu, wanaishi katika mataifa ya Magharibi na wamepokea mafunzo kiasi ya kupambana. [73]
Wachambuzi wengine wameelezea kuwa cheo na faili za al-Qaida kama zinazobadilika kutoka kuwa "unaotegemea Waarabu", katika miaka yake ya kwanza ya oparesheni, na kuwa "kwa ukubwa ya Kipakistani", wa 2007. [76] Imekadiriwa kwamba 62% ya wanachama wa al-Qaeda wana elimu ya chuo kikuu.
Mashambulizi
Ramani ya mashambulizi makubwa ya karibuni ulitokana na al-Qaeda: 1. Pentagon, Marekani - Sep 11, 20012. World Trade Center, Marekani - Sep 11, 20013. Istanbul, Uturuki - 15 Novemba, 2003; Nov 20, 20034. Aden, Yemen - Oct 12, 20005. Nairobi, Kenya - Aug 7, 19986. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - 7 Agosti 1998Al-Qaeda imetekeleza jumla ya mashambulizi sita kuu ya kigaidi, nne zao katika jihad yake dhidi ya Marekani. Katika kila kesi uongozi ulipanga shambulizi miaka mapema, ikipanga usafirishaji wa silaha na mabomu na kutumia biashara zake ya kutoa privatized ushirika pamoja na utambulisho safehouses na uongo.
Al-Qaeda kwa kawaida haitumi fedha kwa ajili ya mashambulizi, na mara chache sana hufanya uhamisho wa nyaya. [78]
[hariri] Mwaka wa (1992).Tarehe 29 Desemba 1992, shambulizi la kwanza la kigaidi la al-Qaida lilifanyika wakati mabomu mawili yalipolipuliwa Aden, Yemen. Shabaha ya kwanza ilikuwa hoteli ya Mövenpick na ya pili ilikuwa pahali pa kuegeza magari katika hoteli ya Goldmohur.
Ulipuaji huo ulikuwa jaribio la kuondoa askari wa Marekani waliokuwa njiani kwenda Somalia kushiriki katika juhudi za kimataifa unafuu njaa, Operation Restore Hope. Kindani, al-Qaeda iliamini shambulizi hilo lilikuwa ushindi uliyowatia hofu Wamarekani kutoweka, lakini katika Marekani shambulizi hilo lilikuwa vigumu kujulikana.
Hakuna Wamarekani waliouawa kwa sababu askari walikuwa wakikaa katika hoteli tofauti kabisa, na wao walikwenda kwenye Somalia kama imepangwa. Hata kama lilijulikana kidogo tu, shambulizi hili lilikuwa kama kilele kwani lilikuwa mwanzo wa mabadiliko katika mwelekeo wa al-Qaida, kutoka mapigano na majeshi kwenda kwa maua raia s. [79] Watu wawili waliuawa katika shambulizi, mtalii kutoka Australia na mfanyakazi wa hoteli Myemeni. Wengine saba, wengi Wayemeni, walikuwa ukali kujeruhiwa.
Fatwas mbili zimesemekana ziliteuliwa na mwanatheolojia mwenye ujuzi zaidi wa al-Qaida, Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, kwa kuhalalisha mauaji kulingana na sheria za Kiislamu. Salim alinukuu Fatwa maalumu maarufu iliyoteuliwa na Ibn Taymiyyah, mwanachuo wa karne ya kumi na tatu aliyedhaminiwa na Wahhabi, ambayo ilishinikiza upinzani kwa njia yoyote ile wakati wa uvamizi wa Mongol
Ulipuaji wa 1993 wa World Trade Center
Katika mwaka wa 1993, Ramzi Yousef alitumia lori lililobeba bomu kushambulia World Trade Center jijini New York. Shambulizi hili lilikusudiwa kuvunja msingi wa Mnara wa Kwanza ili kuigonganisha na Mnara wa pili, na kuyaangusha chini majengo yote mawili.
Yousef alitarajia hili lingewaua watu 250,000. Minara ilisukasuka lakini msingi haukuvunjika na yeye alifanikiwa kuwaua watu wasita tu (ingawa wengine 1,042 kujeruhiwa unasababishwa karibu dola milioni 300 mali ya uharibifu). [81] [82]
Baada ya shambulizi, Yousef alikimbilia Pakistan na baadaye kuhamia Manila. Huko alianza kuendeleza mpango wa Bojinka Plot wa kulipua ndege dazeni za Kimarekan , kumuua Papa Yohana Paulo II na Rais Bill Clinton, na kuangusha ndege ya kibinafsi katika makao makuu ya CIA. Baadaye alishikwa nchini Pakistan. [81]
Hakuna katika mashitaka ya serikali ya Marekani dhidi ya Osama Bin Laden lililopendekeza kwamba alikuwa na uhusiano wowote na shambulizi huu, lakini Ramzi Yousef inajulikana kuwa walihudhuria kambi ya mafunzo ya kigaidi nchini Afghanistan. Baada ya kukamatwa, Yousef alitangaza kwamba msingi wake wa kuhesabu haki mashambulizi ulikuwa kuadhibu Marekani kwa msaada wake katika uvamizi wa Israel kwenye wilaya za Palestina na hakutaja motisha yoyote ya kidini.
Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990
Mashambulizi kwenye afisi za kibalozi za Marekani katika Afrika Mashariki, zilisababisha vifo vya zaidi ya watu 300, wengi wazawa. Mashambulizi ya cruise missile ya majeshi ya Marekani kwa kuitikia yaliharibu wigo wa al-Qaeda iliyokuwa Khost, Afghanistan, lakini uwezo wa mtandao haukuadhiriwa.
Mnamo Oktoba mwaka wa 2000, wapiganaji wa al-Qaeda uko Yemen walilipua Kiangamizi cha missile cha USS Cole katika mashambulizi ya kujitolea, na kuua wanajeshi 17 wa Marekani na kuharibu chombo. Ikiongozwa na mafanikio ya shambulizi hili shaba, al-Qaeda amri ya msingi wakaanza kujiandaa kwa shambulio kwenye Marekani yenyewe.
Shambulio la 11 Septemba 2001
In remembrance of those who lost their lives during the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
The pentagon
Also, in remembrance of those who tried to selflessly save the lives of others
Baada ya mashambulizi ya Septemba 11Mashambulizi ya Septemba 11 yalikuwa matendo ya kigaidi ya kuleta uharibifu mkubwa zaidi katika historia ya Marekani na dunia, iliyoua takriban watu 3,000. Ndege mbili za kibiashara zilielekezwa makusudi kwenye minara ya World Trade Center, ya tatu kwenye jengo la The Pentagon, na la nne, lililokusudiwa kulenga Capitol ya Marekani, ilianguka Pennsylvania.
Mashambulizi hayo yalifanywa na al-Qaeda, kaimu kwa mujibu wa Fatwa iliyotolewa mwaka wa 1998 dhidi ya Marekani na washirika wake na vikosi vya kijeshi chini ya amri ya Bin Laden, al-Zawahiri, na wengine. [83] Ushahidi unaangazia wanaharakati wa kujiua wakiongozwa na kamanda wa kijeshi wa al-Qaeda Mohamed atta kama watekelezaji wa mashambulizi, na Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Hambali kama wapangaji na sehemu muhimu ya amri ya kisiasa na ya kijeshi.
Jumbe zilizotolewa na Bin Laden baada ya Septemba 11, 2001, zilisifu mashambulizi, na kuelezea motisha yao wakati kukanusha kuhusika yoyote. [84] Bin Laden alihalalisha mashambulizi kwa kutambua vilio vilivyoonekana na Waislamu wote tawala na wale wa Kiislamu, kama vile mtazamo wa jumla kwamba Marekani ilikuwa ikiwatesa Waislamu. [85]
Bin Laden alisisitiza kuwa Marekani ilikuwa inawaua Waislamu uko 'Palestina, Chechnya, Kashmir na Iraq' na kwamba Waislamu wanapaswa kuwa na 'haki ya kushambulia katika kuadhibu'. Yeye pia alidai kuwa mashambulizi ya 9 / 11 hayakuwa yakiwalenga wanawake na watoto, lakini 'vinara wa nguvu za kijeshi na kiuchumi'. [86]
Ushahidi umekuja kwa mwanga kwamba malengo ya awali ya mashambulizi huenda yalikuwa vituo vya nguvu za nyuklia pwani ya mashariki ya Marekani. Malengo hayo baadaye yalibadilishwa al-Qaeda, kwani waliogopa kwamba shambulizi kama hilo "lingetoka nje ya mkono".
Freedom #Fail
Why we shouldn't expect Facebook and its Silicon Valley peers to act in the world's best interests.
Last week, Facebook lobbyist Adam Conner accidentally made news. Asked by a Wall Street Journal reporter how the social networking giant, which is trying to break into the Chinese market, would navigate a country whose government is famously skittish about unfettered information exchange, Conner replied, "Maybe we will block content in some countries, but not others. We are occasionally held in uncomfortable positions because now we're allowing too much, maybe, free speech in countries that haven't experienced it before."
Conner's statement shocked many observers, but perhaps it shouldn't have. Lauded as a tool of revolutionaries in Tunisia and Egypt, Facebook has surely provided a unique platform for mobilization. And yet, Facebook regularly comes under scrutiny for privacy and free expression violations and, unlike Silicon Valley peers such as Twitter and Google, has itself shied away from recognition as a political tool. Most recently, after pressure from an Israeli minister, Facebook staff began monitoring a page calling for a third intifada in Palestine, eventually taking the page down, claiming that it contained incitement to violence.
That same week, Facebook hosted a virtual "town hall" with President Barack Obama, in which curious citizens could ask the president questions (selected by Facebook staffers) or just follow along at home (if they were willing to sign up for a Facebook account and "like" the event's page). By choosing Facebook, Obama's team implicitly endorsed a company whose actions, in China and elsewhere, run counter to the principles of Internet freedom set forth by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in her much-remarked-upon January 2010 speech on the subject. And while a town hall is usually a public meeting, Facebook is not a public space, even if its more than 500 million users treat it like one -- it is a privately owned enterprise with the freedom to do whatever it wants, be it mining user data to sell to advertisers or deleting pictures of your friends and family on a whim.
The Obama campaign's choice of venue spoke volumes about the assumptions that people now make about the social media tools that have increasingly permeated our lives -- and Conner's comments are a reminder of why those assumptions are no longer enough. Corporations can and do act in a manner that upholds the principles of Internet freedom that Clinton and others have articulated. The problem lies in figuring out what to do when they don't -- and when the U.S. government chooses to ignore such failures.
One of the first inklings that a globalized Internet was going to pose these sorts of thorny ethical dilemmas arrived in 2000, when then-dominant tech giant Yahoo was taken to court in France for allowing the sale of Nazi memorabilia on its auction site. After various proceedings, Yahoo ultimately backed down, choosing to ban items associated with hate groups. The lesson? It is often easier to appease a foreign government than to fight it in the global commons.
U.S. tech companies, particularly those that host user-generated content, have walked a fine line ever since: Censoring content brings the wrath of free expression advocates, while, as Google learned in China, not censoring is the fastest way to lose a conservative emerging market. Some companies have leaned toward a principled stance, others choose to comply with government demands, and still others filter content of their own accord.
In 2006, Google consented to appeasement when it launched Google.cn in China. Caught between a rock and a hard place -- the prospect of losing an emerging market on one hand and of going against the company's "don't be evil" mantra on the other -- Google weighed its options and decided that while filtering search results compromised Google's overall mission, failing to provide search capabilities to a fifth of the world's population compromised its mission more severely. But four years later (and nine days before Clinton's remarks on Internet freedom), Google had a change of heart: Noting the global debate centered on free expression and increasing Chinese repression, the company announced it would stop filtering content, a policy shift that effectively ended Google's business in China. The change followed a series of attacks on critical Google infrastructure -- some of them targeting Chinese human rights activists -- that the company suspected had been committed by the Chinese government
Al Qaeda Supporters' Tape to Call for Use of WMDs
Officials say they expect a new tape from al Qaeda to call for the use of weapons of mass destruction against civilians. The group has released messages with increasing frequency this year. (AP Photo)
Authorities: New Tape to Urge Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction on Civilians
Intelligence and law enforcement sources tell ABC News they are expecting al Qaeda supporters will post a new video on the Internet in the next 24 hours, calling for what one source said is "jihadists to use biological, chemical and nuclear weapons to attack the West."
"There have been several reports that al Qaeda will release a new message calling for the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against civilians," FBI spokesman Richard Kolko told ABC News in an e-mail.
"Although there have been similar messages in the past, the FBI and [Department of Homeland Security] have no intelligence of any specific plot or indication of a threat to the U.S.," the e-mail said. "The FBI and U.S. intelligence community will review the message for any intelligence value."
While there is no evidence of any direct threat, the FBI sent a bulletin to 18,000 law enforcement agencies across the country, out of an abundance of caution.
Some independent analysts don't think the public should worry much.
Ben Venzke, the CEO of IntelCenter, a group that monitors terrorist communications on the Web, said the video, entitled "Nuclear Jihad, The Ultimate Terror," is a jihadi supporter video compilation and not from an official group.
"Supporter videos are made by fans or supporters who may not have ever had any contact with a real terrorist," Venzke said. "These videos almost always are comprised of old video footage that is edited together to make a new video."
He said the material in these types of videos does not qualify as an official message from al Qaeda or any other group.
"Considering them so would be the equivalent of considering a 10-year-old's homemade fan video of his favorite sports team to be an official team message," Venzke said. "IntelCenter is not aware of any new imminent message by al-Qaeda or any other leading jihadist group in audio or video form that will call for the use of WMD against civilians."
Word of the new tape comes on the heels of a spate of messages from Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda's second-in-command, Ayman al-Zawahiri.
Earlier this month, al Qaeda released an audio message from bin Laden, excoriating the media and countries that are supportive of Israel. The release was timed to coincide with the nation's 60th anniversary and President Bush's trip to the region.
So far this year, four bin Laden tapes have surfaced.
In April, the terror group released audio recordings in which al-Zawahiri answered questions submitted to an online forum several months earlier.
The increasing volume of tapes seems to signal to the law enforcement and intelligence communities that top al Qaeda leadership is comfortable monitoring current events and communicating messages frequently.
Officials have tracked the trend, but FBI director Robert Mueller downplayed the surge of messages during an appearance earlier this month, noting that "there is a difference between al Qaeda's ability to communicate internally and al Qaeda's ability to post a message on the Internet. As we all know, the Internet is so broad. The access is absolutely open that just about anybody can post material on the Internet."
Libyan Rebel Leader Admits Links To “Al Qaeda” Fighters
The commander of anti Gaddafi rebels forces in Libya has admitted that among the ranks of those fighting against the government are islamic militants who have fought and killed US troops in Iraq, otherwise known as “al qaeda” fighters.
Abdel-Hakim al-Hasidi, who made the remarks in an interview with Il Sole 24 Ore, an Italian newspaper, admitted that he had previously recruited fundamentalists to fight in Iraq, and said that the fighters are “today are on the front lines in Adjabiya”.
al-Hasidi described the fighters as “patriots and good Muslims, not terrorists,” adding that “members of al-Qaeda are also good Muslims and are fighting against the invader”.
al-Hasidi himself was captured in Pakistan in 2002 and handed over to US forces after fighting against US troops in Afghanistan. He was held in Libya and eventually released in 2008.
The admission serves to highlight the hypocrisy of the US government’s so called war on terror, and exposes the reality behind the UN sanctioned military action in Libya.
The US, Britain and France launched airstrikes last week in support of the so-called “protesters” who commandeered fighter jets and tanks to attack the regime of tinpot dictator Colonel Gaddafi.
The rebels have been armed with weapons delivered by US allies via Egypt. There have been open calls from elite think tanks, such as RAND, to directly arm the fighters.
The US military is seriously considering doing so and is “considering the legality” of such a move, according to Mark Kornblau, spokesman for US Ambassador Dr Susan Rice.
It is therefore now beyond doubt that the rebels our governments are arming and supporting militarily are in fact at least in part Islamic fundamentalist Al-Qaeda cells who have fought and killed our own troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The fighters violently oppose the by comparison moderate and modernising regime of Gaddafi and wish to see it destroyed and replaced with sharia law in Libya
Of course, When Gaddafi pointed out that Al Qaeda fighters were instigating a revolution in Libya, our castrated corporate media reacted by branding the man crazy and declaring him deluded.
This would not be the first time that our governments have equipped Al Qaeda against Gaddafi.
In 2002 French intelligence experts revealed how western intelligence agencies bankrolled a Libyan Al-Qaeda cell controlled directly by Bin Laden to hatch a plot to kill Gaddafi that was foiled in March 1996. The cell was led by Anas al-Liby, who was with Bin Laden in Sudan before Bin Laden returned to Afghanistan.
Indeed, it was Gaddafi’s Libya who put out the first Interpol warrant for Bin Laden’s arrest in 1998. Western intelligence agencies blocked the warrant from being pursued, and allowed Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda to go on and kill more than 200 people in the truck bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
Some of the very rebels now being funded and trained by western forces were part of the Al-Qaeda cell that tried to kill Gaddafi on behalf of the United States and Britain 15 years ago.
As the London Telegraph reported last week, “The West and al-Qaeda on the same side.” Libyan Al-Qaeda leaders have offered their unanimous support for the ousting of Gaddafi.
“An al-Qaeda leader of Libyan origin, Abu Yahya al-Libi, released a statement backing the insurrection a week ago, while Yusuf Qaradawi, the Qatar-based, Muslim Brotherhood-linked theologian issued a fatwa authorising Col Gaddafi’s military entourage to assassinate him,” writes Richard Spencer, highlighting how the “rebels” are in fact religious extremists hell bent on imposing sharia law in Libya.
All of this serves to highlight the fact that our governments’ contentions that they are in Libya to “protect” the Libyan people are beyond the pale.
Arming and aiding hardcore religious extremists in an effort to overthrow the government of Libya merely serves to provide for a situation somewhere down the line where our globalist controlled militaries will once again be provided an excuse to occupy the country and plunder its resources, just as they have in Afghanistan and Iraq
Sunday, May 1, 2011
Kenya born President Obama’s father was a serial womaniser
With a father like this, it is little wonder President Obama did not want to release his full birth certificate.
Though the proof that he was actually born in Hawaii may silence some critics, a new, rather more interesting side of his life has emerged – that his father Barack Obama senior was a serial womaniser and polygamist who government and university officials were trying to force out of the country.
Obama senior married Stanley Ann Dunham, a white student from Kansas, not only when he was said to have already been married to a woman in Kenya, but at a time when interracial marriages were still illegal in many parts of the U.S.
Documents obtained from the U.S. immigration service paint a picture of a man who ‘had an eye for the ladies’ and, according to his file, had to be warned several times to stay away from girls at the university.
Family portrait: A rare snapshot of President Obama with his father Barack Obama senior who, new documents reveal was a serial womaniser and polygamist
Happier times: Barack Obama senior stands with the President’s mother Stanley Ann Dunham at an airport in Hawaii
Heather Smathers, a investigative journalist with the Arizona Independent, obtained the files through a Freedom of Information request.
A memo from a University of Hawaii foreign student advisor said that Obama senior had ‘been running around with several girls since he first arrived here and last summer she cautioned him about his playboy ways. Subject replied that he would “try” to stay away from the girls.’
It also considered his earlier Kenya marriage as a grounds to deny him a visa extension but concluded that ‘polygamy was not an excludable or deportation charge’.
He is further described as ‘a slippery character’, and his relationships with ‘several women’ are discussed and investigated, while questions about his ‘marital problems’ are repeatedly raised.
Another immigration memo, from June 1964, records that Harvard officials were trying ‘to get rid of him’ and ‘couldn’t seem to figure out how many wives he had’.
The documents also specify that he had a child – Barack Obama junior – while he was at the university on August 4, 1961.
The memo also notes that he be ‘closely questioned before another extension is granted – and denial be considered’.
Other notes make reference to some kind of campaign to drive Obama senior out of the country and back to Kenya. The memo advised officials to withdraw his funding.
It said: ‘Obama has passed his general exams, which indicates that on academic grounds he is entitled to stay around here and write his thesis; however [Harvard] are going to try to cook something up to ease him out…. They are planning on telling him that they will not give him any money, and that he had better return to Kenya and prepare his thesis at home.’
President Obama’s mother met his father at a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii in 1960. At the time he was the first and only African student at the university.
When they married, she did not realise that he had a wife and child in Kenya. The couple divorced in 1963 and Ann Dunham struggled as a single mother to bring up her child, just as her estranged husband was at studying at Harvard and reportedly carousing after women
From pirate to president: Barack Obama playing as a little boy and (right) on the beach with his family
Venezuela’s Chavez condemns death of Gadhafi’s son
CARACAS, Venezuela – Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is condemning the killing of one of Moammar Gadhafi’s sons and three of his grandchildren in a NATO airstrike in Libya.
Chavez asked how some European leaders such as those of Spain, France and Italy can continue to support the airstrikes in Libya
CARACAS – A delegation of Libyan officials is in Venezuela to discuss possible peaceful solutions to the war in the North African country, Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez said Tuesday.
A vocal opponent of military action by Western governments, Chavez is also a close ally of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and has proposed talks between rebels and the government.
“Who gave them the right to do this, it’s crazy,” Chavez said of NATO military strikes. “Because they don’t like the leader Gaddafi, because they want to take Libya’s oil and water … they are chucking bombs everywhere.”
“We are dedicated to finding a political solution to the drama being lived by the Libyan people. A delegation sent by Gaddafi has arrived in Venezuela and we are seeking a peaceful outcome,” Chavez said during a speech to workers.
He did not give details of which officials traveled with the delegation.
Last month, Chavez proposed a international commission visit Libya to seek negotiations between rebels and the government, but the idea did not gain traction and was rejected by Gaddafi’s son Seif al-Islam.
Venezuela has been mentioned as a possible safe-haven for Gaddafi if he ever flees his own country, but Chavez officials have denied that option is being considered.
The African Union is also seeking a non-military solution to the violence in Libya that calls for an immediate cessation of hostilities followed by a transitional period and political dialogue
Arsenal yazinduka yailaza Man United 1-0
Arsenal imefanikiwa kuifunga Manchester United iliyopwaya katika mbio za kuwania ubingwa ambao kwa sasa umebakia wazi wakati vinara wa ligi Manchester United wakiwazidi kwa pointi tatu Chelsea walio nafasi ya pili huku ikisalia michezo mitatu.
Aaron Ramsey akishangilia bao na Va Persie
Mwamuzi Chris Foy alishindwa kuona mpira wa wazi uliochezwa kwa mkono na Nemanja Vidic kipindi cha kwanza akiwa katika heka heka za kuokoa krosi ya Theo Walcott, huku Robin Van Persie akijiandaa kuudonoa kwa kichwa.
Ingawa Manchester United walikuwa nusura wasawazishe kwa mkwaju wa free-kick wa Wayne Rooney, lakini kwa ujumla Arsenal waliendelea kuumiliki mchezo.
Bao la Arsenal lilipatikana katika dakika ya 56 baada ya Aaron Ramsey kuunganisha vyema pasi aliyosogezewa na Robin Van Persie.
Iwapo mabingwa watetezi Chelsea watashinda katika uwanja wa Old Trafford siku ya Jumapili ijayo, wataongoza ligi kuu ya England.
Arsenal wanazidi kujichimbia nafasi ya tatu wakiwa na pointi 67.
Katika mechi za awali Liverpool imejisogeza hadi nafasi ya tano ya msimamo wa ligi baada ya kupata ushindi mnono wa mabao 3-0 dhidi ya Newcastle
Maxi Rodriguez akishangilia bao lake la kwanza
Liverpool walimiliki mchezo hasa dakika za mwanzo na iliwachukua dakika 10 kupata bao la kuongoza lililofungwa na Maxi Rodriguez.
Newcastle United walijitahidi kuibana Liverpool na katika dakika ya 59 Mike Williamson alimchezea rafu Luis Suarez na wenyeji wakazawadiwa mkwaju wa penali ambapo Dirk Kuyt hakufanya ajizi na kuukwamisha mpira wavuni na kuiandikia Liverpool bao la pili.
Suarez alikamilisha uhondo wa mabao kwa wenyeji alipofunga bao la tatu. Andy Carroll mchezaji wa zamani wa Necastle aliyechukuliwa na Liverpool, aliingia zikiwa zimesalia dakika 20 kabla mchezo kumalizika.
Matokeo hayo yameinyanyua Liverpool hadi nafasi ya tano wakiwa pointi 55 sawa na Tottenham waliosukumwa hadi nafasi ya sita, lakini wakipishana kwa wingi wa mabao.
Nayo Wolves ilikosa nafasi ya ya kupanda kutoka timu tatu zilizo chini kushuka daraja, baada ya kutoka sare na Birmingham waliocheza wakiwa 10.
Steven Fletcher akishangilia bao lake
Steven Fletcher aliipatia Wolves bao la kwanza kwa mkwaju wa penalti baada ya Ben Foster kumchezea rafu Stephen Ward dakika ya saba ya mchezo.
Sebastian Larsson aliachia mkwaju uliogonga mwamba na baadae akafanikiwa kuisawazishia Birmingham kutokana na kichwa hafifu cha kuokoa alichopiga Michael Mancienne.
Kwa matokeo hayo Wolves wanaendelea kubakia nafasi ya 19 na pointi 34, huku Birmingham wakifanikiwa kubakia nafasi ya 15 na pointi 39. Bado wasiwasi wa kushuka daraja watakuwa nao iwapo hawatafanya vyema kwa michezo iliyosalia.
Wazee maarufu wanazuru Ivory Coast
Ujumbe wa Wazee Maarufu unazuru Ivory Coast, kujaribu kuhimiza umoja na mapatano baada ya ghasia zilizofuatia uchaguzi, ambapo watu mamia kadha waliuwawa.
Katibu Mkuu wa zamani wa Umoja wa Mataifa, Kofi Annan, anayeongoza ujumbe huo, alisema hali nchini humo bado ni tete.
Ghasia za hapa na pale zimeendelea, tangu rais wa zamani, Laurent Gbagbo, kukamatwa mwezi uliopita; na Bwana Alassane Ouattara kuchukua uongozi.
Wengine kwenye ujumbe huo wa wazee, ni
wa Afrika Kusini na rais wa zamani wa Jamhuri ya Ireland, Mary Robinson.
Libya inasema mtoto wa Gaddafi ameuwawa
Serikali ya Libya inasema kuwa mtoto mwanamume wa Kanali Gaddafi, pamoja na wajukuu watatu, waliuwawa katika shambulio la karibuni la ndege za NATO dhidi ya Tripoli.
Msemaji alieleza kuwa kiongozi wa Libya mwenyewe alisalimika katika nyumba hiyo alimokuwa akiishi mwanawe, Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi.
NATO, kwenye taarifa yake, inasema ililenga pahala pa uongozi wa shughuli za kijeshi, haikulenga mtu maalumu, lakini inasikitika kuwa kuna watu walikufa.
Hakuna maiti waliooneshwa lakini shambulio hilo lililenga eneo la makaazi mjini Tripoli.
Serikali inasema watu wane waliuwawa, yaani Saif al-Arab, mtoto mwanamme mdogo kabisa wa Gaddafi, na watoto wa Saif watatu.
Mwaka 1986, Gaddafi alipoteza mtoto wa kike, katika shambulio la ndege za jeshi la Marekani.
Msemaji wa Libya, Moussa Ibrahim, anasema shambulio la jana ni ushahidi wa wazi kuwa sasa kiongozi wa Libya, na familia yake, wanalengwa.
Punde NATO ilitoa taarifa kusema kuwa inaendelea kulenga vituo vya uongozi vya serikali lakini haiwalengi watu fulani.
Msemaji wa serikali, Moussa Ibrahim anadai kuwa Kanali Gaddafi na mkewe walikuwako ndani ya nyumba hiyo wakati wa shambulio hilo, lakini ni shida kuona vipi aliweza kunusurika bila ya kujeruhiwa, katika uharibifu uliosababishwa na makombora matatu yaliyoangushwa papo kwa papo.
Uchina na Urusi katika baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa, zina wasiwasi kuwa NATO inapindukia idhini ya mwaka 1973
Libya Confirms Muammar Gaddafi’s Son Saif killed in Nato strike
TRIPOLI (Reuters) - Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi survived a NATO airstrike on Saturday night that killed his youngest son Saif al-Arab and three of his grandchildren, a Libyan government spokesman said.
Mussa Ibrahim said Saif al-Arab was a civilian and a student who had studied in Germany. He was 29 years old.
Libyan officials took journalists to the house, which had been hit by at least three missiles. The roof had completely caved in in some areas, leaving strings of reinforcing steel hanging down among chunks of concrete.
A table football machine stood outside in the garden of the house, which was in a wealthy residential area of Tripoli.
Sayf al-Arab Gaddafi
Saif al Arab Gaddafi is reported to have been killed in the blast along with three of the colonel’s grandchildren
Colonel Gaddafi last night survived a Nato missile strike that killed his youngest son.
The Libyan government said Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi, 29, died after a precision air strike on a house in a compound in Tripoli. Three of Gaddafi’s grandsons were also killed.
The Libyans said Gaddafi and his wife were in the house at the time but escaped unharmed. It appears that the property, a large residential villa within a gated compound, was specifically targeted, as the two neighbouring houses were untouched.
Gaddafi’s supporters last night called the air strike a failed assassination attempt. They claimed that Nato was now directly targeting their leader and that this went beyond the remit of United Nations resolutions.
Saif Al-Arab was the lowest-profile of the Libyan leader’s sons and is not to be confused with Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, the dictator’s heir-apparent. However, he had played an active role in seeking to quell the rebellion that has seen pro-democracy supporters gain control of the east of the country, including Benghazi.
While studying in Munich in 2006, he gained a reputation as a playboy and became involved in a nightclub brawl with a bouncer when his girlfriend was thrown out. Two years later, his Ferrari was impounded by German police for excessive exhaust noise.
Later in 2008 he was suspected of attempting to smuggle an assault rifle, a revolver and munitions from Munich to Paris in a car with diplomatic number plates.
However, the case was later dropped as the alleged weapons were never found and the German public prosecutor decided there was insufficient evidence to proceed with a prosecution.
Journalists were shown around the house after it was heavily damaged in the bombing
Three bombs are believed to have landed on the house
The news of the attack was greeted with anger in Tripoli, where sounds of gunfire could be heard across the city. Government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim said the villa was attacked ‘with full power’.
He added: ‘The attack resulted in the martyrdom of brother Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi and three of the leader’s grandchildren.
‘The leader and his wife were there in the house, with other friends and relatives. The leader himself is in good health – he wasn’t harmed.
Gaddafi was in the house at the time but was not hurt
‘This was a direct operation to assassinate the leader of this country.’ He said the attacks had no legal, moral or political foundation.
Journalists at the scene reported seeing one unexploded device in a huge crater among the rubble of the house and said the roof had caved in. It is thought at least three missiles hit the building.
Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi yesterday refused to give up power but said that he was ready for a ceasefire and negotiations provided NATO ‘stop its planes’.
Gaddafi looked to have been winning with government forces held at bay in the east and around the besieged city of Misrata, while fighting for control of the western mountains.
But weeks of Western air strikes have failed to dislodge the Libyan leader and the war has instead become locked in a painful stalemate.
With neither side apparently able to gain the upper hand, Gaddafi struck a conciliatory tone in an 80-minute televised address to the nation in the early hours of Saturday.
‘(Libya) is ready until now to enter a ceasefire,’ said Gaddafi, speaking from behind a desk and aided by reams of paper covered in what appeared to be hand-written notes.
‘We were the first to welcome a ceasefire and we were the first to accept a ceasefire … but the Crusader NATO attack has not stopped,’ he said. ‘The gate to peace is open.’
Gaddafi denied mass attacks on civilians and challenged Nato to find him 1,000 people who had been killed in the conflict.
‘We did not attack them or cross the sea … why are they attacking us?’ asked Gaddafi, referring to European countries involved in the air strikes. ‘Let us negotiate with you, the countries that attack us. Let us negotiate.
Colonel Gaddafi was at the house at the time but reported to be unharmed
As well as Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, three of the colonel’s grandsons were killed in the blasts
The roof had completely caved in in some areas, leaving strings of reinforcing steel hanging down among chunks of concrete
But as he spoke, NATO warplanes hit three targets close to the television building in Tripoli in what state media said was an attempt to kill Gaddafi who has ruled Libya for 41 years.
The air strikes left a large crater outside the attorney general’s office but did not damage the building and hit two other government offices housed in colonial-era buildings. It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties.
Previous ceasefire offers have been rebuffed by NATO as Libyan government forces have continued to fight on.
Gadhafi offers truce as NATO strikes in Tripoli
TRIPOLI, Libya – Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi called for a mutual cease-fire and negotiations with NATO powers in a live speech on state TV early Saturday, just as NATO bombs struck a government complex in the Libyan capital.
The targeted compound included the state television building and a Libyan official alleged the strikes were meant to kill Gadhafi. However, the TV building was not damaged and Gadhafi spoke from an undisclosed location.
Since the start of the uprising against him in February, Gadhafi has made only infrequent public appearances. In his rambling pre-dawn speech, he appeared both subdued and defiant, repeatedly pausing as he flipped through handwritten notes.
“The door to peace is open,” Gadhafi said, sitting behind a desk. “You are the aggressors. We will negotiate with you. Come, France, Italy, U.K., America, come, we will negotiate with you. Why are you attacking us?”
He said Libyans have the right to choose their own political system, but not under the threat of NATO bombings.
Rebel leaders have said they will only lay down their arms and begin talks on Libya’s future after Gadhafi and his sons, some of whom hold powerful positions in the country, step aside. Gadhafi has repeatedly refused to resign.
Saturday’s pre-dawn air strikes targeted a government complex, and reporters visiting the scene were told two damaged buildings housed a commission for women and children and offices of parliamentary staff.
One of at least three bombs or missiles knocked down a huge part of a two-story Italian-style building. In another building, doors were blown out and ceiling tiles dropped to the ground. One missile hit the street outside the attorney general’s office, twisting a lamppost and gouging out a crater.
A policeman said three people were wounded, one seriously.
In his speech, Gadhafi lamented the air strikes, which began in mid-March under a U.N. mandate to protect Libyan civilians. The strikes have mainly hit Libyan military targets, but three did hit Gadhafi’s residential compound.
“Why are you killing our children? Why are you destroying our infrastructure,” Gadhafi said Saturday, while denying that his forces had killed Libyan civilians.
Just hours earlier, however, government forces shelled the besieged rebel city of Misrata, killing 15 people, including a 9-year-old boy, hospital doctors said. The city of 300,000 is the main rebel stronghold in western Libya and has been under siege for two months.
The port is Misrata’s only lifeline. On Friday, NATO foiled attempts by regime loyalists to close the only access route to Misrata, intercepting boats that were laying anti-ship mines in the waters around the port.
The regime signaled Friday that it is trying to block access to Misrata by sea.
Moussa Ibrahim, the Libyan government spokesman, said he was unaware of the attempted mine-laying. However, he said the government is trying to prevent weapons shipments from reaching the rebels by sea. Asked whether aid vessels would also be blocked, he said any aid shipments must be coordinated with the authorities and should preferably come overland.
Gadhafi’s forces have repeatedly shelled the port area and his ground troops are deployed on the outskirts of Misrata, after having been driven out of the downtown area by the rebels last week.
With the rebels holding much of eastern Libya, Gadhafi needs to consolidate his hold over the western half, including Misrata and a mountainous region on the border with Tunisia.
On Friday, fighting between rebels and regime loyalists over a key border crossing spilled over into Tunisia, drawing a sharp rebuke by Tunisian authorities. The Foreign Ministry summoned Libya’s ambassador to convey its “most vigorous protests” for the “serious violations” at the Dhuheiba border area Thursday and Friday, a ministry statement said.
The crossing is a strategic lifeline for Libya’s western Nafusa mountain area where members of the ethnic Berber minority — who have complained of systematic discrimination by the regime — have been fighting the Gadhafi’s forces for several weeks.
Elements of Libyan government forces crossed the border following the fighting with the rebels, prompting the Tunisia army to mount searches for them in the frontier town Dhuheiba.
At one point Friday, 15 Libyan military vehicles, carrying troops armed with anti-aircraft guns and rocket launchers, were spotted in Dhuheiba. Town resident Mohammed Hedia said local civilians and the families of Libyan rebels who had been staying there set upon the Gadhafi troops, creating a “chaotic situation.”
The Tunisian army stopped “several members of Gadhafi’s brigades, regrouping them and leading them back to Libyan territory,” the Tunisian Defense Ministry said, according to TAP.
The Tunisian news agency, citing military officials, said dozens of Libyan troops and rebel fighters were killed in the two-day battle over the Dhuheiba crossing which ended with rebels regaining control Friday, after Libyan forces held it for a day.
Ibrahim, the Libyan spokesman, confirmed that Libyan troops had fled into Tunisia, running from the rebels. He said Libyan authorities were in touch with their Tunisian counterparts.
Thousands of residents of the mountain area have fled to Dhuheiba and other Tunisian border towns. TAP said thousands more Libyan refugees streamed into Tunisian overnight
Obama mocks Trump at correspondents’ dinner
WASHINGTON — U.S. President Barack Obama exacted his revenge Saturday after weeks of attacks from his would-be Republican challenger Donald Trump, joking that the billionaire businessman could bring change to the White House, transforming it from a stately mansion into a tacky casino with a whirlpool in the garden.
With Trump in attendance, Obama used the White House Correspondents’ Association annual dinner to mock the reality TV star’s presidential ambitions. The president said Trump has shown the acumen of a future president, from firing Gary Busey on a recent episode of “Celebrity Apprentice” to focusing so much time on conspiracy theories about Obama’s birthplace.
After a week when Obama released his long-form Hawaii birth certificate, he said Trump could now focus on the serious issues, from whether the moon landing actually happened to “where are Biggie and Tupac?”
“No one is prouder to put this birth certificate matter to rest than ‘the Donald,”‘ Obama said, referring to Trump’s claims the same day that he was responsible for solving the issue.
For Trump’s decision to fire actor Busey instead of rock singer Meat Loaf from his TV show earlier this month, Obama quipped: “These are the types of decisions that would keep me up at night. Well handled, sir.”
And then, as a coup de grace, Obama showed a screen with his vision of how Trump could bring change to the White House. “Trump” was prominently displayed in glittery letters and girls could be seen with cocktails on a Jacuzzi-augmented front lawn.
Trump chuckled at some of the earlier jokes, but was clearly less amused as comedian Seth Meyers picked up where Obama left off.
“Donald Trump often talks about running as a Republican, which is surprising,” said the Saturday Night Live actor, entrusted with providing some of the comedy for the evening. “I just assumed he was running as a joke.”
Trump stared icily at Meyers as he continued to criticize the real estate tycoon.
Obama and Trump found themselves in the same room after an intense week of attacks from Trump, who has piggybacked on the birther conspiracies and even Obama’s refusal to release his university grades to raise the profile of his possible presidential bid.
And the birth certificate was clearly the key punchline for the evening, which typically offers the president a chance to show off his humorous side and a town consumed by politics and partisanship to enjoy a light-hearted affair.
Obama’s presentation started after the wrestler Hulk Hogan’s patriotic anthem, “Real American,” played. Images of Americana from Mount Rushmore to Uncle Sam were shown on the screen, alongside his birth certificate. And then he offered to show his live birth video, which turned out to be a clip from the Disney film, “The Lion King.”
On the serious side, Obama took time to thank the troops for their service overseas and noted that the people of the South, especially Alabama, have suffered heart-wrenching losses.
“The devastation is unbelievable and it is heartbreaking,” he said. He encouraged the journalists in the room to help tell the stories of those who have been hurt by the storms and saluted those who lost their lives while covering the news.
Other possible Republican presidential hopefuls in attendance were former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman, Rep. Michele Bachmann and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich. And stars such as Sean Penn and Scarlett Johansson also were among the more than 2,500 people who attended.
The association was formed in 1914 as a liaison between the press and the president. Every president since Calvin Coolidge has attended the dinner. Some of the proceeds from the dinner pay for journalism scholarships for college students.
Several journalists were honoured at the dinner:
– Dan Balz of The Washington Post and Jake Tapper of ABC News, for winning the Merriman Smith Award for presidential coverage under deadline pressure. Balz won for coverage of an unexpected appearance by Obama and former President Bill Clinton at a White House briefing, and Tapper won for revealing that Obama would ask Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair to resign.
– Peter Baker of The New York Times, for winning the Aldo Beckman award for sustained excellence in White House coverage, for stories dubbed “the education of a president.”
– Michael Berens of The Seattle Times, for winning the Edgar A. Poe Award for excellence in coverage of news of national or regional significance. Berens uncovered flaws in a health care plan for seniors that resulted in neglect, abuse and even death.
John Paul II on the fast track to sainthood
Pope John Paul II is one step closer to sainthood following beatification by his successor Sunday, an honor that saw Catholics crowd St. Peter’s Sqaure and churches around the world in memory of the late pontiff.
The crowd in Rome erupted in cheers, tears and applause as an enormous photo of a young, smiling John Paul II was unveiled over the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica and a choir launched into hymn long associated with the Polish-born pope.
“He restored to Christianity its true face as a religion of hope,” Pope Benedict XVI said in his homily, referring to the late pontiff’s decisive role in helping bring down communism. Benedict dotted his remarks with personal recollections of a man he came to “revere” during their near-quarter century working together.
“The mood as you can imagine is very buoyant, very festive,” said CTV’s Martin Seamungul from Rome. “It’s a big change from the mood of John Paul II’s funeral — that was about mourning, this is about celebration. Many people here were at that funeral and it was an enormous showing of love that so many people have for John Paul II and had throughout that papacy.”
The late pope, “has an enormous following and that’s displayed here very strongly,” he added.
Beatification is the third of four steps on the road to sainthood, a process that John Paul II has sped through thanks to his former right-hand man, Pope Benedict XVI. The process started two months, not the traditional five years, after John Paul II’s death.
“John Paul II could be declared a saint very soon,” said Seamungal. Benedict XVI, then Cardinal Ratzinger, was largely responsible for church policy and doctrine during John Paul II’s papacy.
The beatification is based on a miracle attributed to John Paul II, who is said to have cured a nun of her Parkinson’s disease. Canonization, or full sainthood, will require another miracle.
“The next step in the process will be looking to find that miracle, that second miracle, and it must happen after this particular date,” Seamungal explained, noting that there are already reports of possible miracles that “will be very strictly examined” by the church.
The beatification, the fastest in modern times, is a morale boost for a church scarred by the sex abuse crisis, but it has also triggered a new wave of anger from victims because the scandal occurred under the previous pope’s watch.
Though he remains popular, John Paul II’s record of “foot-dragging on sexual abuse leaves a lot to be desired,” said Ted Schmidt, former editor of Catholic New Times.
Schmidt sees the speedy beatification as a sign of the current pope’s traditional attitudes.
“It says a lot about him, it says a lot about the attempt by the church to turn its back on the progressive movement,” that would see the addition of female priests and a new approach to homosexuality, Schmidt told CTV News.
“This particular Vatican administration is trying to say ‘This is where the church is going’ despite mass defections of Catholics,” he said.
From Mexico to Australia, bells pealed in churches and cathedrals and people erupted in applause and tears to celebrate as Benedict XVI bestowed the honour on Polish-born Karol Wojtyla, who visited 129 countries in his 27-year papacy to become the most-travelled pope ever.
In the Philippines, where many adore John Paul II with rock-star intensity, people flocked to see mementoes: a piece of his cassock believed to have healing powers and a set of plate, spoon and fork — still unwashed after he used them 16 years ago during a visit to the country.
The popular pontiff has a wide following in the Philippines, Asia’s largest predominantly Roman Catholic nation where authorities foiled a terrorist plot to assassinate him during a visit in 1995. Nearly 10,000 babies were named after him after his visits as a pope, according to a news report.
Although John Paul’s beatification has been criticized elsewhere by some as happening too fast and under a cloud over the clerical sex abuse scandal, it’s being celebrated by many Filipinos as rare good news at a time of depressing man-made and natural disasters in their impoverished homeland and beyond.
“Why not?” asked John Paul Bustillo, a 16-year-old medical student named by his mother after the pontiff. “He was a model and an inspiration who united the world with his extraordinary charisma.”
In John Paul II’s native Poland, tens of thousands of people gathered in rain in a major sanctuary in Krakow and in Wadowice, where the pontiff was born in 1920. Prime Minister Donald Tusk and his wife Malgorzata watched the ceremony together with Wadowice residents
The top picture shows the pope John Paul II kissing the koran = (quran). I did copy this picture from the Internet. I don't know if this picture is genuine.
1 - The meaning of the word "koran = (quran)"
The word "koran = (quran)" is spelled as "Quran", "karan", "karin", or Quarin . In the Arabic Language, the letters "K" and "Q" are pronounced almost the same as in English. Some people spell the word "koran = (quran)" as "Quran".
The word (koran = (quran)) has many meanings in the Arabic language. The word (karaa) means "read" and it could be used in the past tense as "red" also. The word "korn" means "horn". The word (korn) means century also. [Notice that the word (bible) in Arabic is (in-jeel), and the word "jeel" means "generation".] I don't know if the similarities between the word (korn), which means (century) and the word (jeel), which means (generation) meant something and therefore those doctrines are named suchlike. For sure, the bible is named (in-jeel) fifteen hundred years before they named the koran = (quran). It means that they named the koran = (quran) according to the bible's name (in-jeel). They probably named it "koran = (quran)" to read or to be red because the word "koran = (quran)" means "red" the past tense of "read" or "to read".
The word "karina" or "qurina" is used to describe "bad spirit" that appear in bad dreams. The word "kor" means admit.
The Arabic word for "islam" in English is "to surrender". The word "salam" in English is "peace". The word "islam" or "aslam" in English is "surrendered".
Though the proof that he was actually born in Hawaii may silence some critics, a new, rather more interesting side of his life has emerged – that his father Barack Obama senior was a serial womaniser and polygamist who government and university officials were trying to force out of the country.
Obama senior married Stanley Ann Dunham, a white student from Kansas, not only when he was said to have already been married to a woman in Kenya, but at a time when interracial marriages were still illegal in many parts of the U.S.
Documents obtained from the U.S. immigration service paint a picture of a man who ‘had an eye for the ladies’ and, according to his file, had to be warned several times to stay away from girls at the university.
Family portrait: A rare snapshot of President Obama with his father Barack Obama senior who, new documents reveal was a serial womaniser and polygamist
Happier times: Barack Obama senior stands with the President’s mother Stanley Ann Dunham at an airport in Hawaii
Heather Smathers, a investigative journalist with the Arizona Independent, obtained the files through a Freedom of Information request.
A memo from a University of Hawaii foreign student advisor said that Obama senior had ‘been running around with several girls since he first arrived here and last summer she cautioned him about his playboy ways. Subject replied that he would “try” to stay away from the girls.’
It also considered his earlier Kenya marriage as a grounds to deny him a visa extension but concluded that ‘polygamy was not an excludable or deportation charge’.
He is further described as ‘a slippery character’, and his relationships with ‘several women’ are discussed and investigated, while questions about his ‘marital problems’ are repeatedly raised.
Another immigration memo, from June 1964, records that Harvard officials were trying ‘to get rid of him’ and ‘couldn’t seem to figure out how many wives he had’.
The documents also specify that he had a child – Barack Obama junior – while he was at the university on August 4, 1961.
The memo also notes that he be ‘closely questioned before another extension is granted – and denial be considered’.
Other notes make reference to some kind of campaign to drive Obama senior out of the country and back to Kenya. The memo advised officials to withdraw his funding.
It said: ‘Obama has passed his general exams, which indicates that on academic grounds he is entitled to stay around here and write his thesis; however [Harvard] are going to try to cook something up to ease him out…. They are planning on telling him that they will not give him any money, and that he had better return to Kenya and prepare his thesis at home.’
President Obama’s mother met his father at a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii in 1960. At the time he was the first and only African student at the university.
When they married, she did not realise that he had a wife and child in Kenya. The couple divorced in 1963 and Ann Dunham struggled as a single mother to bring up her child, just as her estranged husband was at studying at Harvard and reportedly carousing after women
From pirate to president: Barack Obama playing as a little boy and (right) on the beach with his family
Venezuela’s Chavez condemns death of Gadhafi’s son
CARACAS, Venezuela – Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is condemning the killing of one of Moammar Gadhafi’s sons and three of his grandchildren in a NATO airstrike in Libya.
Chavez asked how some European leaders such as those of Spain, France and Italy can continue to support the airstrikes in Libya
CARACAS – A delegation of Libyan officials is in Venezuela to discuss possible peaceful solutions to the war in the North African country, Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez said Tuesday.
A vocal opponent of military action by Western governments, Chavez is also a close ally of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and has proposed talks between rebels and the government.
“Who gave them the right to do this, it’s crazy,” Chavez said of NATO military strikes. “Because they don’t like the leader Gaddafi, because they want to take Libya’s oil and water … they are chucking bombs everywhere.”
“We are dedicated to finding a political solution to the drama being lived by the Libyan people. A delegation sent by Gaddafi has arrived in Venezuela and we are seeking a peaceful outcome,” Chavez said during a speech to workers.
He did not give details of which officials traveled with the delegation.
Last month, Chavez proposed a international commission visit Libya to seek negotiations between rebels and the government, but the idea did not gain traction and was rejected by Gaddafi’s son Seif al-Islam.
Venezuela has been mentioned as a possible safe-haven for Gaddafi if he ever flees his own country, but Chavez officials have denied that option is being considered.
The African Union is also seeking a non-military solution to the violence in Libya that calls for an immediate cessation of hostilities followed by a transitional period and political dialogue
Arsenal yazinduka yailaza Man United 1-0
Arsenal imefanikiwa kuifunga Manchester United iliyopwaya katika mbio za kuwania ubingwa ambao kwa sasa umebakia wazi wakati vinara wa ligi Manchester United wakiwazidi kwa pointi tatu Chelsea walio nafasi ya pili huku ikisalia michezo mitatu.
Aaron Ramsey akishangilia bao na Va Persie
Mwamuzi Chris Foy alishindwa kuona mpira wa wazi uliochezwa kwa mkono na Nemanja Vidic kipindi cha kwanza akiwa katika heka heka za kuokoa krosi ya Theo Walcott, huku Robin Van Persie akijiandaa kuudonoa kwa kichwa.
Ingawa Manchester United walikuwa nusura wasawazishe kwa mkwaju wa free-kick wa Wayne Rooney, lakini kwa ujumla Arsenal waliendelea kuumiliki mchezo.
Bao la Arsenal lilipatikana katika dakika ya 56 baada ya Aaron Ramsey kuunganisha vyema pasi aliyosogezewa na Robin Van Persie.
Iwapo mabingwa watetezi Chelsea watashinda katika uwanja wa Old Trafford siku ya Jumapili ijayo, wataongoza ligi kuu ya England.
Arsenal wanazidi kujichimbia nafasi ya tatu wakiwa na pointi 67.
Katika mechi za awali Liverpool imejisogeza hadi nafasi ya tano ya msimamo wa ligi baada ya kupata ushindi mnono wa mabao 3-0 dhidi ya Newcastle
Maxi Rodriguez akishangilia bao lake la kwanza
Liverpool walimiliki mchezo hasa dakika za mwanzo na iliwachukua dakika 10 kupata bao la kuongoza lililofungwa na Maxi Rodriguez.
Newcastle United walijitahidi kuibana Liverpool na katika dakika ya 59 Mike Williamson alimchezea rafu Luis Suarez na wenyeji wakazawadiwa mkwaju wa penali ambapo Dirk Kuyt hakufanya ajizi na kuukwamisha mpira wavuni na kuiandikia Liverpool bao la pili.
Suarez alikamilisha uhondo wa mabao kwa wenyeji alipofunga bao la tatu. Andy Carroll mchezaji wa zamani wa Necastle aliyechukuliwa na Liverpool, aliingia zikiwa zimesalia dakika 20 kabla mchezo kumalizika.
Matokeo hayo yameinyanyua Liverpool hadi nafasi ya tano wakiwa pointi 55 sawa na Tottenham waliosukumwa hadi nafasi ya sita, lakini wakipishana kwa wingi wa mabao.
Nayo Wolves ilikosa nafasi ya ya kupanda kutoka timu tatu zilizo chini kushuka daraja, baada ya kutoka sare na Birmingham waliocheza wakiwa 10.
Steven Fletcher akishangilia bao lake
Steven Fletcher aliipatia Wolves bao la kwanza kwa mkwaju wa penalti baada ya Ben Foster kumchezea rafu Stephen Ward dakika ya saba ya mchezo.
Sebastian Larsson aliachia mkwaju uliogonga mwamba na baadae akafanikiwa kuisawazishia Birmingham kutokana na kichwa hafifu cha kuokoa alichopiga Michael Mancienne.
Kwa matokeo hayo Wolves wanaendelea kubakia nafasi ya 19 na pointi 34, huku Birmingham wakifanikiwa kubakia nafasi ya 15 na pointi 39. Bado wasiwasi wa kushuka daraja watakuwa nao iwapo hawatafanya vyema kwa michezo iliyosalia.
Wazee maarufu wanazuru Ivory Coast
Ujumbe wa Wazee Maarufu unazuru Ivory Coast, kujaribu kuhimiza umoja na mapatano baada ya ghasia zilizofuatia uchaguzi, ambapo watu mamia kadha waliuwawa.
Katibu Mkuu wa zamani wa Umoja wa Mataifa, Kofi Annan, anayeongoza ujumbe huo, alisema hali nchini humo bado ni tete.
Ghasia za hapa na pale zimeendelea, tangu rais wa zamani, Laurent Gbagbo, kukamatwa mwezi uliopita; na Bwana Alassane Ouattara kuchukua uongozi.
Wengine kwenye ujumbe huo wa wazee, ni
wa Afrika Kusini na rais wa zamani wa Jamhuri ya Ireland, Mary Robinson.
Libya inasema mtoto wa Gaddafi ameuwawa
Serikali ya Libya inasema kuwa mtoto mwanamume wa Kanali Gaddafi, pamoja na wajukuu watatu, waliuwawa katika shambulio la karibuni la ndege za NATO dhidi ya Tripoli.
Msemaji alieleza kuwa kiongozi wa Libya mwenyewe alisalimika katika nyumba hiyo alimokuwa akiishi mwanawe, Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi.
NATO, kwenye taarifa yake, inasema ililenga pahala pa uongozi wa shughuli za kijeshi, haikulenga mtu maalumu, lakini inasikitika kuwa kuna watu walikufa.
Hakuna maiti waliooneshwa lakini shambulio hilo lililenga eneo la makaazi mjini Tripoli.
Serikali inasema watu wane waliuwawa, yaani Saif al-Arab, mtoto mwanamme mdogo kabisa wa Gaddafi, na watoto wa Saif watatu.
Mwaka 1986, Gaddafi alipoteza mtoto wa kike, katika shambulio la ndege za jeshi la Marekani.
Msemaji wa Libya, Moussa Ibrahim, anasema shambulio la jana ni ushahidi wa wazi kuwa sasa kiongozi wa Libya, na familia yake, wanalengwa.
Punde NATO ilitoa taarifa kusema kuwa inaendelea kulenga vituo vya uongozi vya serikali lakini haiwalengi watu fulani.
Msemaji wa serikali, Moussa Ibrahim anadai kuwa Kanali Gaddafi na mkewe walikuwako ndani ya nyumba hiyo wakati wa shambulio hilo, lakini ni shida kuona vipi aliweza kunusurika bila ya kujeruhiwa, katika uharibifu uliosababishwa na makombora matatu yaliyoangushwa papo kwa papo.
Uchina na Urusi katika baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa, zina wasiwasi kuwa NATO inapindukia idhini ya mwaka 1973
Libya Confirms Muammar Gaddafi’s Son Saif killed in Nato strike
TRIPOLI (Reuters) - Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi survived a NATO airstrike on Saturday night that killed his youngest son Saif al-Arab and three of his grandchildren, a Libyan government spokesman said.
Mussa Ibrahim said Saif al-Arab was a civilian and a student who had studied in Germany. He was 29 years old.
Libyan officials took journalists to the house, which had been hit by at least three missiles. The roof had completely caved in in some areas, leaving strings of reinforcing steel hanging down among chunks of concrete.
A table football machine stood outside in the garden of the house, which was in a wealthy residential area of Tripoli.
Sayf al-Arab Gaddafi
Saif al Arab Gaddafi is reported to have been killed in the blast along with three of the colonel’s grandchildren
Colonel Gaddafi last night survived a Nato missile strike that killed his youngest son.
The Libyan government said Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi, 29, died after a precision air strike on a house in a compound in Tripoli. Three of Gaddafi’s grandsons were also killed.
The Libyans said Gaddafi and his wife were in the house at the time but escaped unharmed. It appears that the property, a large residential villa within a gated compound, was specifically targeted, as the two neighbouring houses were untouched.
Gaddafi’s supporters last night called the air strike a failed assassination attempt. They claimed that Nato was now directly targeting their leader and that this went beyond the remit of United Nations resolutions.
Saif Al-Arab was the lowest-profile of the Libyan leader’s sons and is not to be confused with Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, the dictator’s heir-apparent. However, he had played an active role in seeking to quell the rebellion that has seen pro-democracy supporters gain control of the east of the country, including Benghazi.
While studying in Munich in 2006, he gained a reputation as a playboy and became involved in a nightclub brawl with a bouncer when his girlfriend was thrown out. Two years later, his Ferrari was impounded by German police for excessive exhaust noise.
Later in 2008 he was suspected of attempting to smuggle an assault rifle, a revolver and munitions from Munich to Paris in a car with diplomatic number plates.
However, the case was later dropped as the alleged weapons were never found and the German public prosecutor decided there was insufficient evidence to proceed with a prosecution.
Journalists were shown around the house after it was heavily damaged in the bombing
Three bombs are believed to have landed on the house
The news of the attack was greeted with anger in Tripoli, where sounds of gunfire could be heard across the city. Government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim said the villa was attacked ‘with full power’.
He added: ‘The attack resulted in the martyrdom of brother Saif Al-Arab Gaddafi and three of the leader’s grandchildren.
‘The leader and his wife were there in the house, with other friends and relatives. The leader himself is in good health – he wasn’t harmed.
Gaddafi was in the house at the time but was not hurt
‘This was a direct operation to assassinate the leader of this country.’ He said the attacks had no legal, moral or political foundation.
Journalists at the scene reported seeing one unexploded device in a huge crater among the rubble of the house and said the roof had caved in. It is thought at least three missiles hit the building.
Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi yesterday refused to give up power but said that he was ready for a ceasefire and negotiations provided NATO ‘stop its planes’.
Gaddafi looked to have been winning with government forces held at bay in the east and around the besieged city of Misrata, while fighting for control of the western mountains.
But weeks of Western air strikes have failed to dislodge the Libyan leader and the war has instead become locked in a painful stalemate.
With neither side apparently able to gain the upper hand, Gaddafi struck a conciliatory tone in an 80-minute televised address to the nation in the early hours of Saturday.
‘(Libya) is ready until now to enter a ceasefire,’ said Gaddafi, speaking from behind a desk and aided by reams of paper covered in what appeared to be hand-written notes.
‘We were the first to welcome a ceasefire and we were the first to accept a ceasefire … but the Crusader NATO attack has not stopped,’ he said. ‘The gate to peace is open.’
Gaddafi denied mass attacks on civilians and challenged Nato to find him 1,000 people who had been killed in the conflict.
‘We did not attack them or cross the sea … why are they attacking us?’ asked Gaddafi, referring to European countries involved in the air strikes. ‘Let us negotiate with you, the countries that attack us. Let us negotiate.
Colonel Gaddafi was at the house at the time but reported to be unharmed
As well as Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, three of the colonel’s grandsons were killed in the blasts
The roof had completely caved in in some areas, leaving strings of reinforcing steel hanging down among chunks of concrete
But as he spoke, NATO warplanes hit three targets close to the television building in Tripoli in what state media said was an attempt to kill Gaddafi who has ruled Libya for 41 years.
The air strikes left a large crater outside the attorney general’s office but did not damage the building and hit two other government offices housed in colonial-era buildings. It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties.
Previous ceasefire offers have been rebuffed by NATO as Libyan government forces have continued to fight on.
Gadhafi offers truce as NATO strikes in Tripoli
TRIPOLI, Libya – Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi called for a mutual cease-fire and negotiations with NATO powers in a live speech on state TV early Saturday, just as NATO bombs struck a government complex in the Libyan capital.
The targeted compound included the state television building and a Libyan official alleged the strikes were meant to kill Gadhafi. However, the TV building was not damaged and Gadhafi spoke from an undisclosed location.
Since the start of the uprising against him in February, Gadhafi has made only infrequent public appearances. In his rambling pre-dawn speech, he appeared both subdued and defiant, repeatedly pausing as he flipped through handwritten notes.
“The door to peace is open,” Gadhafi said, sitting behind a desk. “You are the aggressors. We will negotiate with you. Come, France, Italy, U.K., America, come, we will negotiate with you. Why are you attacking us?”
He said Libyans have the right to choose their own political system, but not under the threat of NATO bombings.
Rebel leaders have said they will only lay down their arms and begin talks on Libya’s future after Gadhafi and his sons, some of whom hold powerful positions in the country, step aside. Gadhafi has repeatedly refused to resign.
Saturday’s pre-dawn air strikes targeted a government complex, and reporters visiting the scene were told two damaged buildings housed a commission for women and children and offices of parliamentary staff.
One of at least three bombs or missiles knocked down a huge part of a two-story Italian-style building. In another building, doors were blown out and ceiling tiles dropped to the ground. One missile hit the street outside the attorney general’s office, twisting a lamppost and gouging out a crater.
A policeman said three people were wounded, one seriously.
In his speech, Gadhafi lamented the air strikes, which began in mid-March under a U.N. mandate to protect Libyan civilians. The strikes have mainly hit Libyan military targets, but three did hit Gadhafi’s residential compound.
“Why are you killing our children? Why are you destroying our infrastructure,” Gadhafi said Saturday, while denying that his forces had killed Libyan civilians.
Just hours earlier, however, government forces shelled the besieged rebel city of Misrata, killing 15 people, including a 9-year-old boy, hospital doctors said. The city of 300,000 is the main rebel stronghold in western Libya and has been under siege for two months.
The port is Misrata’s only lifeline. On Friday, NATO foiled attempts by regime loyalists to close the only access route to Misrata, intercepting boats that were laying anti-ship mines in the waters around the port.
The regime signaled Friday that it is trying to block access to Misrata by sea.
Moussa Ibrahim, the Libyan government spokesman, said he was unaware of the attempted mine-laying. However, he said the government is trying to prevent weapons shipments from reaching the rebels by sea. Asked whether aid vessels would also be blocked, he said any aid shipments must be coordinated with the authorities and should preferably come overland.
Gadhafi’s forces have repeatedly shelled the port area and his ground troops are deployed on the outskirts of Misrata, after having been driven out of the downtown area by the rebels last week.
With the rebels holding much of eastern Libya, Gadhafi needs to consolidate his hold over the western half, including Misrata and a mountainous region on the border with Tunisia.
On Friday, fighting between rebels and regime loyalists over a key border crossing spilled over into Tunisia, drawing a sharp rebuke by Tunisian authorities. The Foreign Ministry summoned Libya’s ambassador to convey its “most vigorous protests” for the “serious violations” at the Dhuheiba border area Thursday and Friday, a ministry statement said.
The crossing is a strategic lifeline for Libya’s western Nafusa mountain area where members of the ethnic Berber minority — who have complained of systematic discrimination by the regime — have been fighting the Gadhafi’s forces for several weeks.
Elements of Libyan government forces crossed the border following the fighting with the rebels, prompting the Tunisia army to mount searches for them in the frontier town Dhuheiba.
At one point Friday, 15 Libyan military vehicles, carrying troops armed with anti-aircraft guns and rocket launchers, were spotted in Dhuheiba. Town resident Mohammed Hedia said local civilians and the families of Libyan rebels who had been staying there set upon the Gadhafi troops, creating a “chaotic situation.”
The Tunisian army stopped “several members of Gadhafi’s brigades, regrouping them and leading them back to Libyan territory,” the Tunisian Defense Ministry said, according to TAP.
The Tunisian news agency, citing military officials, said dozens of Libyan troops and rebel fighters were killed in the two-day battle over the Dhuheiba crossing which ended with rebels regaining control Friday, after Libyan forces held it for a day.
Ibrahim, the Libyan spokesman, confirmed that Libyan troops had fled into Tunisia, running from the rebels. He said Libyan authorities were in touch with their Tunisian counterparts.
Thousands of residents of the mountain area have fled to Dhuheiba and other Tunisian border towns. TAP said thousands more Libyan refugees streamed into Tunisian overnight
Obama mocks Trump at correspondents’ dinner
WASHINGTON — U.S. President Barack Obama exacted his revenge Saturday after weeks of attacks from his would-be Republican challenger Donald Trump, joking that the billionaire businessman could bring change to the White House, transforming it from a stately mansion into a tacky casino with a whirlpool in the garden.
With Trump in attendance, Obama used the White House Correspondents’ Association annual dinner to mock the reality TV star’s presidential ambitions. The president said Trump has shown the acumen of a future president, from firing Gary Busey on a recent episode of “Celebrity Apprentice” to focusing so much time on conspiracy theories about Obama’s birthplace.
After a week when Obama released his long-form Hawaii birth certificate, he said Trump could now focus on the serious issues, from whether the moon landing actually happened to “where are Biggie and Tupac?”
“No one is prouder to put this birth certificate matter to rest than ‘the Donald,”‘ Obama said, referring to Trump’s claims the same day that he was responsible for solving the issue.
For Trump’s decision to fire actor Busey instead of rock singer Meat Loaf from his TV show earlier this month, Obama quipped: “These are the types of decisions that would keep me up at night. Well handled, sir.”
And then, as a coup de grace, Obama showed a screen with his vision of how Trump could bring change to the White House. “Trump” was prominently displayed in glittery letters and girls could be seen with cocktails on a Jacuzzi-augmented front lawn.
Trump chuckled at some of the earlier jokes, but was clearly less amused as comedian Seth Meyers picked up where Obama left off.
“Donald Trump often talks about running as a Republican, which is surprising,” said the Saturday Night Live actor, entrusted with providing some of the comedy for the evening. “I just assumed he was running as a joke.”
Trump stared icily at Meyers as he continued to criticize the real estate tycoon.
Obama and Trump found themselves in the same room after an intense week of attacks from Trump, who has piggybacked on the birther conspiracies and even Obama’s refusal to release his university grades to raise the profile of his possible presidential bid.
And the birth certificate was clearly the key punchline for the evening, which typically offers the president a chance to show off his humorous side and a town consumed by politics and partisanship to enjoy a light-hearted affair.
Obama’s presentation started after the wrestler Hulk Hogan’s patriotic anthem, “Real American,” played. Images of Americana from Mount Rushmore to Uncle Sam were shown on the screen, alongside his birth certificate. And then he offered to show his live birth video, which turned out to be a clip from the Disney film, “The Lion King.”
On the serious side, Obama took time to thank the troops for their service overseas and noted that the people of the South, especially Alabama, have suffered heart-wrenching losses.
“The devastation is unbelievable and it is heartbreaking,” he said. He encouraged the journalists in the room to help tell the stories of those who have been hurt by the storms and saluted those who lost their lives while covering the news.
Other possible Republican presidential hopefuls in attendance were former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman, Rep. Michele Bachmann and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich. And stars such as Sean Penn and Scarlett Johansson also were among the more than 2,500 people who attended.
The association was formed in 1914 as a liaison between the press and the president. Every president since Calvin Coolidge has attended the dinner. Some of the proceeds from the dinner pay for journalism scholarships for college students.
Several journalists were honoured at the dinner:
– Dan Balz of The Washington Post and Jake Tapper of ABC News, for winning the Merriman Smith Award for presidential coverage under deadline pressure. Balz won for coverage of an unexpected appearance by Obama and former President Bill Clinton at a White House briefing, and Tapper won for revealing that Obama would ask Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair to resign.
– Peter Baker of The New York Times, for winning the Aldo Beckman award for sustained excellence in White House coverage, for stories dubbed “the education of a president.”
– Michael Berens of The Seattle Times, for winning the Edgar A. Poe Award for excellence in coverage of news of national or regional significance. Berens uncovered flaws in a health care plan for seniors that resulted in neglect, abuse and even death.
John Paul II on the fast track to sainthood
Pope John Paul II is one step closer to sainthood following beatification by his successor Sunday, an honor that saw Catholics crowd St. Peter’s Sqaure and churches around the world in memory of the late pontiff.
The crowd in Rome erupted in cheers, tears and applause as an enormous photo of a young, smiling John Paul II was unveiled over the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica and a choir launched into hymn long associated with the Polish-born pope.
“He restored to Christianity its true face as a religion of hope,” Pope Benedict XVI said in his homily, referring to the late pontiff’s decisive role in helping bring down communism. Benedict dotted his remarks with personal recollections of a man he came to “revere” during their near-quarter century working together.
“The mood as you can imagine is very buoyant, very festive,” said CTV’s Martin Seamungul from Rome. “It’s a big change from the mood of John Paul II’s funeral — that was about mourning, this is about celebration. Many people here were at that funeral and it was an enormous showing of love that so many people have for John Paul II and had throughout that papacy.”
The late pope, “has an enormous following and that’s displayed here very strongly,” he added.
Beatification is the third of four steps on the road to sainthood, a process that John Paul II has sped through thanks to his former right-hand man, Pope Benedict XVI. The process started two months, not the traditional five years, after John Paul II’s death.
“John Paul II could be declared a saint very soon,” said Seamungal. Benedict XVI, then Cardinal Ratzinger, was largely responsible for church policy and doctrine during John Paul II’s papacy.
The beatification is based on a miracle attributed to John Paul II, who is said to have cured a nun of her Parkinson’s disease. Canonization, or full sainthood, will require another miracle.
“The next step in the process will be looking to find that miracle, that second miracle, and it must happen after this particular date,” Seamungal explained, noting that there are already reports of possible miracles that “will be very strictly examined” by the church.
The beatification, the fastest in modern times, is a morale boost for a church scarred by the sex abuse crisis, but it has also triggered a new wave of anger from victims because the scandal occurred under the previous pope’s watch.
Though he remains popular, John Paul II’s record of “foot-dragging on sexual abuse leaves a lot to be desired,” said Ted Schmidt, former editor of Catholic New Times.
Schmidt sees the speedy beatification as a sign of the current pope’s traditional attitudes.
“It says a lot about him, it says a lot about the attempt by the church to turn its back on the progressive movement,” that would see the addition of female priests and a new approach to homosexuality, Schmidt told CTV News.
“This particular Vatican administration is trying to say ‘This is where the church is going’ despite mass defections of Catholics,” he said.
From Mexico to Australia, bells pealed in churches and cathedrals and people erupted in applause and tears to celebrate as Benedict XVI bestowed the honour on Polish-born Karol Wojtyla, who visited 129 countries in his 27-year papacy to become the most-travelled pope ever.
In the Philippines, where many adore John Paul II with rock-star intensity, people flocked to see mementoes: a piece of his cassock believed to have healing powers and a set of plate, spoon and fork — still unwashed after he used them 16 years ago during a visit to the country.
The popular pontiff has a wide following in the Philippines, Asia’s largest predominantly Roman Catholic nation where authorities foiled a terrorist plot to assassinate him during a visit in 1995. Nearly 10,000 babies were named after him after his visits as a pope, according to a news report.
Although John Paul’s beatification has been criticized elsewhere by some as happening too fast and under a cloud over the clerical sex abuse scandal, it’s being celebrated by many Filipinos as rare good news at a time of depressing man-made and natural disasters in their impoverished homeland and beyond.
“Why not?” asked John Paul Bustillo, a 16-year-old medical student named by his mother after the pontiff. “He was a model and an inspiration who united the world with his extraordinary charisma.”
In John Paul II’s native Poland, tens of thousands of people gathered in rain in a major sanctuary in Krakow and in Wadowice, where the pontiff was born in 1920. Prime Minister Donald Tusk and his wife Malgorzata watched the ceremony together with Wadowice residents
The top picture shows the pope John Paul II kissing the koran = (quran). I did copy this picture from the Internet. I don't know if this picture is genuine.
1 - The meaning of the word "koran = (quran)"
The word "koran = (quran)" is spelled as "Quran", "karan", "karin", or Quarin . In the Arabic Language, the letters "K" and "Q" are pronounced almost the same as in English. Some people spell the word "koran = (quran)" as "Quran".
The word (koran = (quran)) has many meanings in the Arabic language. The word (karaa) means "read" and it could be used in the past tense as "red" also. The word "korn" means "horn". The word (korn) means century also. [Notice that the word (bible) in Arabic is (in-jeel), and the word "jeel" means "generation".] I don't know if the similarities between the word (korn), which means (century) and the word (jeel), which means (generation) meant something and therefore those doctrines are named suchlike. For sure, the bible is named (in-jeel) fifteen hundred years before they named the koran = (quran). It means that they named the koran = (quran) according to the bible's name (in-jeel). They probably named it "koran = (quran)" to read or to be red because the word "koran = (quran)" means "red" the past tense of "read" or "to read".
The word "karina" or "qurina" is used to describe "bad spirit" that appear in bad dreams. The word "kor" means admit.
The Arabic word for "islam" in English is "to surrender". The word "salam" in English is "peace". The word "islam" or "aslam" in English is "surrendered".
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